The covalent and non-covalent conjugation of graphene oxide with hydroxycamptothecin in hyperthermia for its anticancer activity

Jędrzejczak-Silicka, Magdalena; Urbas, Karolina; Mijowska, Ewa; Rakoczy, Rafał

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.03.146

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The relative mitochondrial activity of L929, MCF-7, and HepG2 cell lines after 48 h incubation with PCN was tested using CCK-8 (cell counting kit-8; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) (according to methods presented elsewhere − ). The CCK-8 assay proceeds via the conversion of tetrazolium salt into colored formazan by living cells.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of PCN with defined lateral sizes on cellular metabolic activity was calculated using the following formula where A is the absorbance. − …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The neutral red uptake (NRU) assay (in vitro toxicology assay kit, neutral red-based, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) was performed after 48 h of exposure of L929, MCF-7, and HepG2 cells to the tested nanomaterials (according to the method described elsewhere − ). The neutral red uptake assay is based on the live cells’ ability to store the neutral red dye in acidic organelles by active transport (e.g., in lysosomes).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cell cultures were allowed to rest for 10 min at room temperature and then gently stirred, and the absorbance at 540 nm was measured (the background absorbance of multiwell plates at 690 nm) using a Tecan Sunrise microplate reader (Sunrise, Tecan, Männedorf, Switzerland). The effect of PCN on cell viability was calculated using eq where A is the absorbance. − …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of PCN was also evaluated using the LDH CytoTox 96 nonradioactive cytotoxicity assay (Promega, Madison, WI). − This assay determined the LDH level released due to cellular membrane damage. The LDH assay was performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Size-Dependent in Vitro Biocompatibility and Uptake Process of Polymeric Carbon Nitride

Aleksandrzak

Jędrzejczak-Silicka

Sielicki

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Polymeric carbon nitride (PCN), which demonstrates unique properties, has been widely explored, mostly in photocatalysis; however, the evaluation of its biocompatibility is still needed. Herein, the cytocompatibility of PCN with different lateral size distributions (A-PCN with 160 nm, B-PCN with 20 nm, and C-PCN with 10 nm dominating lateral sizes) was investigated. The viability of three cell lines (L929, MCF-7, and HepG2) has been determined using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), neutral red uptake (NRU), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage assays. It was found that the highest cytotoxicity of PCN was observed for flakes with a lateral size of ∼20 nm (B-PCN) in three cell lines after 48 h of exposition. The uptake process of B-PCN sheets labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) by cells was also the most effective. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and atomic force microscopy revealed the nanomaterial distribution throughout the cytoplasm and perinuclear region. The results demonstrated the correlation among size, internalization process, and cytocompatibility of the tested polymeric carbon nitride structures.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of PCN with defined lateral sizes on cellular metabolic activity was calculated using the following formula where A is the absorbance. − …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%