The Course of Stone Cell Formation in Pear Fruits

Smith, W. W.

doi:10.1104/pp.10.4.587

Cited by 39 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Lignin has been found to be the main component of stone cells38. So, in our study, lignin synthesis-related genes were selected for gene expression analysis (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct transcriptome profiles reveal gene expression patterns during fruit development and maturation in five main cultivated species of pear (Pyrus L.)

Zhang

Xue

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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The transcriptomes of five pear cultivars, ‘Hosui’ (P. pyrifolia), ‘Yali’ (P. bretschneideri), ‘Kuerlexiangli’ (P. sinkiangensis), ‘Nanguoli’ (P. ussuriensis), and ‘Starkrimson’ (P. communis) were sequenced at seven key fruit developmental stages, from fruit setting to maturation and fruit senescence after harvesting. In total, 33,136 genes that could be mapped by reads, were analyzed. Most gene expression cluster models showed a steadily decreasing trend. Gene expression patterns had obvious differences according to maturity type, that is, post-ripening cultivars were still vigorous at maturity, and showed a higher proportion of up-regulated genes; non post-ripening cultivars had a gradually decreasing tendency during fruit maturation. Meanwhile, differentially expressed genes related to fruit quality and development, such as stone cells, sugar, acid and hormones, were identified. Co-expression analysis revealed that several ethylene synthesis genes and polyphenoloxidase-related genes interacted with each other directly, and an indirect relationship was reflected between ethylene synthesis genes and ethylene response genes. In addition, the highly diverse SNPs represented the great differences between oriental and occidental pears. Understanding how RNA-seq based gene-expression patterns and differential gene expression contribute to fruit quality allows us to build models for gene-expression for fruit development of Pyrus species.

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“…Lignin has been found to be the main component of stone cells38. So, in our study, lignin synthesis-related genes were selected for gene expression analysis (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct transcriptome profiles reveal gene expression patterns during fruit development and maturation in five main cultivated species of pear (Pyrus L.)

Zhang

Xue

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…Sensitivity at this scale is probably vital because it is known that humans can detect particles of cellulose in the mouth, such as might be fractured from cell walls, as 'gritty', but only at sizes at least one order of magnitude larger (Imai et al 1997). The same argument applies at yet larger scale to stone cells found within the flesh of some fruits that can also impart a 'gritty' texture (Smith 1935). Obviously, a herbivore needs to distinguish between pieces of cell wall (not injurious to enamel) and much smaller silica(te) particles from soils that can seriously damage it.…”

Section: What Role Do Phytoliths Play In Evading Vertebrate Feeding Omentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Dust, Grit and Phytoliths in Tooth Wear

Lucas

Casteren

Al‐Fadhalah

et al. 2014

Annales Zoologici Fennici

110

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“…Smith (1935) determined that the total cell wall content, as well as lignin, increased gradually up to harvest, and postulated that sugars accumulated and were converted to lignified tissue following an inverse relationship between the alcohol-soluble fraction and the synthesis of cell wall materials. Ranadive and Haard (1973) concluded that stone cells are lignocellulosic, containing approximately 18% lignin and 82% of a material principally composed of carbohydrates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Calcium Chloride Spray on Peroxidase Activity and Stone Cell Development in Pear Fruit (Pyrus pyrifolia ‘Niitaka’)

Lee¹,

晉豪²,

月洙³

et al. 2007

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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The primary objective of this study was to characterize the effects of calcium chloride spray on the formation of stone cells and peroxidase activity in 'Niitaka' pear fruit. Calcium chloride (0, 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0%) was sprayed 4 times on selected 15-year-old 'Niitaka' pear trees at 10-day intervals with a handgun until runoff, beginning 20 days after full bloom (DAFB). The calcium content and peroxidase activity were determined in flesh extracted from harvested fruit. The distribution of stone cells in the fruit flesh was determined via light microscopy, using phloroglucinol dye. The calcium contents of the leaves and fruit increased significantly in the fruit sprayed with 0.5 and 1% CaCl 2 , as compared to the control, or the fruit sprayed with 0.3% CaCl 2 . The stone cell contents in the fruit flesh decreased significantly when the fruit were sprayed with 0.5 and 1.0% CaCl 2 . Fruit treated with calcium chloride showed an increase in the rate of small stone cell cluster formation (< 200 µm 2 ), whereas the rate at which medium (200-400 µm 2 ) and large (400 µm 2 <) clusters formed was significantly reduced. Peroxidase activity in the fruit flesh increased substantially at 60 DAFB, and decreased with fruit development. Peroxidase activity was much higher in the non-treated fruit than in those treated with 0.5% CaCl 2 . The activities of bound and soluble peroxidase in the cell wall were lower in the fruit treated with 0.5% CaCl 2 than in the non-treated fruit. In our experiment, the stone cell content and stone cell size decreased significantly in fruit treated with calcium chloride, as the result of a reduction in lignification due to low peroxidase activity (soluble and bound).

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The Course of Stone Cell Formation in Pear Fruits

Cited by 39 publications

References 15 publications

Distinct transcriptome profiles reveal gene expression patterns during fruit development and maturation in five main cultivated species of pear (Pyrus L.)

Distinct transcriptome profiles reveal gene expression patterns during fruit development and maturation in five main cultivated species of pear (Pyrus L.)

The Role of Dust, Grit and Phytoliths in Tooth Wear

Effects of Calcium Chloride Spray on Peroxidase Activity and Stone Cell Development in Pear Fruit (Pyrus pyrifolia ‘Niitaka’)

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