The Course of Postpartum Depression

Vliegen, Nicole; Casalin, Sara; Luyten, Patrick

doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000013

Cited by 209 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…There was strong correlation between EPDS scores at 3 and 6 months, meaning that mothers in our study who were depressed at 3 months were still likely to be depressed 3 months later. These mixed patterns of declining early postpartum symptoms for the majority and persistent postpartum symptoms in a substantial minority have been observed in other studies [30]. Similarly, the small number of mothers in our study who experienced pre-pregnancy depressive symptoms also had symptoms throughout the follow-up period, which is consistent with a previous history of depression being a risk factor for a chronic course of PPD [30].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…These mixed patterns of declining early postpartum symptoms for the majority and persistent postpartum symptoms in a substantial minority have been observed in other studies [30]. Similarly, the small number of mothers in our study who experienced pre-pregnancy depressive symptoms also had symptoms throughout the follow-up period, which is consistent with a previous history of depression being a risk factor for a chronic course of PPD [30]. Although our retrospective use of the EPDS has not been validated, the relationship between previous depression and PPD has been robust in different study designs [34].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Analytical categories were generated using a phenomenological method, in which qualitative content analysis is applied to non-textual data [29]. This approach was informed by inspection of the data and the opinion of a clinical psychologist in conjunction with evidence from other studies [30]. Categories were given narrative names to describe the pattern of depressive symptoms, and these were plotted over time for each category.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Postpartum depression in the Occupied Palestinian Territory: a longitudinal study in Bethlehem

Qandil

Jabr²,

Wagler³

et al. 2016

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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BackgroundPostpartum depression (PPD) affects women from different cultures around the world. No previous studies have investigated PPD among women in Palestine. Fertility rates in Palestine are among the highest in the world, hence even low rates of PPD could have considerable national impact. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of, and risk factors for, PPD among Palestinian mothers.Methods101 mothers were recruited during the registration of their child’s birth (within 1 week) at the Bethlehem branch of the Ministry of Interior. Participants were assessed via a face to face interview, and were followed up 1 week, 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months later by telephone interview. Interviews included the Arabic Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), with PPD indicated by depressive symptoms (EPDS score ≥11) at ≥2 follow-up time points. Pearson’s correlation was calculated between repeated EPDS scores, and multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate risk factors for PPD.ResultsThe prevalence of depressive symptoms was fairly constant (14–19%) over the follow-up period. Most depressive symptoms developed within 1 month of delivery; mothers with depressive symptoms at 3 months postpartum were highly likely to still have symptoms at 6 months. 27.7% (28/101) of women met our criteria for PPD. High parity (odds ratio (OR) 4.52 (95% CI 0.90, 22.8) parity 3+ versus primiparous), unplanned pregnancy (OR 2.44 (0.99, 6.01)) and sex of child not being the one desired (OR 5.07 (1.12, 22.9)) were associated with PPD, but these associations were attenuated in multivariable analysis.ConclusionsThe prevalence of PPD in Palestine appears to be higher than in high income countries, but similar to the prevalence in other Middle Eastern countries. High parity and unplanned pregnancy were identified as risk factors for PPD, suggesting that fully meeting the need for family planning could reduce the incidence of PPD in the Palestinian population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Postpartum depression in the Occupied Palestinian Territory: a longitudinal study in Bethlehem

Qandil

Jabr²,

Wagler³

et al. 2016

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, these studies were conducted in Iran and Mexico, respectively, indicating a gap in U.S.-based research that our study filled. Furthermore, many researchers have examined depression in the antenatal or postpartum period (Underwood, Waldie, D’Souza, Peterson, & Morton, 2016a; Vliegen, Casalin, & Luyten, 2014). We examined depression symptoms over four time points during the perinatal transition to first-time motherhood to better elucidate how depression symptoms in late adolescent and young adult mothers vary over this critical time period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of Symptoms of Perinatal Depression and Stress in Late Adolescent and Young Adult Mothers

Torres¹,

Goyal²,

Burke-Aaronson³

et al. 2017

Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing

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Objective To compare symptoms of depression, maternal adjustment, and perceived stress in late adolescent and young adult mothers and to examine the patterns of these symptoms during the first 3 months after birth. Design Secondary analysis of existing longitudinal data. Setting San Francisco Bay Area with participants in their home environment Participants Ethnically diverse women who were expecting their first infants were recruited during the third trimester from childbirth education classes and antenatal clinics. The final sample included thirty-four participants in the late adolescent group (18–20 years) and 48 participants in the young adult group (21–24 years). Methods The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale was used to assess depression symptoms; the Maternal Adjustment and Maternal Attitudes Scale was used to assess maternal adjustment; and the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale was used to assess perceived stress. Repeated measures ANOVA were used to examine changes over time in depression, maternal adjustment, and perceived stress scores. Results Compared to young adult participants, late adolescent participants had higher mean depression scores (F(1, 61) = 8.02, p = 0.006) and perceived stress scores (F(1, 62) = 9.45, p = 0.003) at all time points. Scores for maternal adjustment could not be compared because of the low internal validity of the instrument. Conclusions Results indicate that late adolescent mothers may have more symptoms of depression and stress in late pregnancy and the early postpartum period than young adult mothers. Clinicians in maternity and pediatric settings should be vigilant in screening for depression and stress in this vulnerable population during their transition to motherhood.

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“…Some studies suggest that exposure to maternal depression during the first year of life, rather than a history of the disorder or antepartum depression, predicts internalizing and total behavior problems [116], others suggest that chronic maternal depression has longer-lasting effects on child development [117]. Since a significant proportion of women with postpartum depression go on to develop chronic depression [118], the exposure may in many cases be prolonged, affecting several critical periods sensitive to the effects of postpartum or chronic depression. However, there is debate whether negative effects of postpartum depression are lasting, and some studies find no association between antepartum or postpartum depression exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes [119].…”

Section: Ppd and Anxiety As A Risk Factor For Depression And Anxiementioning

confidence: 99%

Peripartum depression and anxiety as an integrative cross domain target for psychiatric preventative measures

Babb¹,

Deligiannidis²,

Murgatroyd³

et al. 2015

Behavioural Brain Research

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Exposure to high levels of early life stress has been identified as a potent risk factor for neurodevelopmental delays in infants, behavioral problems and autism in children, but also for several psychiatric illnesses in adulthood, such as depression, anxiety, autism, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Despite having robust adverse effects on both mother and infant, the pathophysiology of peripartum depression and anxiety are poorly understood. The objective of this review is to highlight the advantages of using an integrated approach addressing several behavioral domains in both animal and clinical studies of peripartum depression and anxiety. It is postulated that a greater focus on integrated cross domain studies will lead to advances in treatments and preventative measures for several disorders associated with peripartum depression and anxiety.

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The Course of Postpartum Depression

Cited by 209 publications

References 76 publications

Postpartum depression in the Occupied Palestinian Territory: a longitudinal study in Bethlehem

Postpartum depression in the Occupied Palestinian Territory: a longitudinal study in Bethlehem

Patterns of Symptoms of Perinatal Depression and Stress in Late Adolescent and Young Adult Mothers

Peripartum depression and anxiety as an integrative cross domain target for psychiatric preventative measures

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