“…Among these seven studies, seven were observational cohort studies [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [37] , [38] , [39] , three was case-controlled study [30] , [35] , [36] and two were cross-sectional studies [28] , [29] ; The included studies were conducted in the United States, England, Italy, Israel, South Korea, and Turkey ( Table 1 ). Ten studies [24] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [35] , [37] , [38] , [39] were conducted in 2020 and only one [25] through 2020 to 2021. Four studies focused patients with asthma [29] , [35] , [38] , [39] , two [27] , [30] included only patients with COPD, and one study [25] included patients with chronic respiratory diseases.…”
“…Among these seven studies, seven were observational cohort studies [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [37] , [38] , [39] , three was case-controlled study [30] , [35] , [36] and two were cross-sectional studies [28] , [29] ; The included studies were conducted in the United States, England, Italy, Israel, South Korea, and Turkey ( Table 1 ). Ten studies [24] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [35] , [37] , [38] , [39] were conducted in 2020 and only one [25] through 2020 to 2021. Four studies focused patients with asthma [29] , [35] , [38] , [39] , two [27] , [30] included only patients with COPD, and one study [25] included patients with chronic respiratory diseases.…”
“…Although still limited in number, reports describing the use of omalizumab in asthma patients during the COVID-19 pandemic are accumulating [98][99][100]. Lommatzsch et al reported the results of a 52-year-old German male patient with severe early-onset allergic asthma treated with omalizumab for 6 months who was infected with SARS-CoV-2 [98].…”
Section: Anti-ige Biologic Agent As a Potential Treatment For Covid-19mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The patient did not experience dyspnea, worsening of asthma, or need for short-acting bronchodilator therapy during the course of infection, and omalizumab treatment was not interrupted. A study conducted in Turkey that surveyed 75 patients with severe asthma treated with omalizumab or mepolizumab revealed that compared to patients who continued biologic treatment, risk of COVID-19 was significantly higher in the 12 patients who interrupted biologic treatment due to a refusal to return to the hospital during the pandemic (relative risk, 2.71; 95% CI, 1.21-6.06) [100]. Another Turkish study showed that among 13 patients with severe asthma treated with omalizumab or mepolizumab who had contracted SARS-CoV-2, five (38.5%) had mild COVID-19, eight (61.5%) had moderate COVID-19, none suffered severe COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation or intensive care, and all patients fully recovered [99].…”
Section: Anti-ige Biologic Agent As a Potential Treatment For Covid-19mentioning
Management of patients with asthma during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a concern, especially since asthma predisposes patients to respiratory problems. Interestingly, asthma characterized by type 2 inflammation, also known as T-helper type 2-high endotype, displays a cellular and molecular profile that may confer protective effects against COVID-19. The results of experimental and clinical studies have established the actions of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in inducing airway hyperreactivity and weakening an interferon-mediated antiviral response following respiratory viral infection. Robust evidence supports the beneficial effect of the anti-IgE biologic treatment omalizumab on reducing respiratory virus-induced asthma exacerbations and reducing the frequency, duration, and severity of respiratory viral illness in patients with asthma. Indeed, accumulating reports of patients with severe asthma treated with omalizumab during the pandemic have reassuringly shown that continuing omalizumab treatment during COVID-19 is safe, and in fact may help prevent the severe course of COVID-19. Accordingly, guidance issued by the Global Initiative for Asthma recommends that all patients with asthma continue taking their prescribed asthma medications, including biologic therapy, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of biologic treatments on patients with asthma and COVID-19 will be better understood as more evidence emerges.
“…Out of a total of 634 severe asthmatic patients using biologics, only 9 patients contracted COVID-19 [ 156 ]. In addition, the incidence of COVID-19 and the risk of having COVID-19 were higher in severe asthmatic patients who interrupted their biological treatments, while the patients who continued biologic therapy showed good asthma control during the COVID-19 pandemic [ 157 ].…”
Section: Current and Potential Therapeutics For Viral Infection In As...mentioning
Viral respiratory tract infections are associated with asthma development and exacerbation in children and adults. In the course of immune responses to viruses, airway epithelial cells are the initial platform of innate immunity against viral invasion. Patients with severe asthma are more vulnerable than those with mild to moderate asthma to viral infections. Furthermore, in most cases, asthmatic patients tend to produce lower levels of antiviral cytokines than healthy subjects, such as interferons produced from immune effector cells and airway epithelial cells. The epithelial inflammasome appears to contribute to asthma exacerbation through overactivation, leading to self-damage, despite its naturally protective role against infectious pathogens. Given the mixed and complex immune responses in viral-infection-induced asthma exacerbation, this review examines the diverse roles of airway epithelial immunity and related potential therapeutic targets and discusses the mechanisms underlying the heterogeneous manifestations of asthma exacerbations.
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