The coupon system in an ongoing family planning program.

Cernada, George P.; Chow, L. P.

doi:10.2105/ajph.59.12.2199

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Vouchers, or coupons as they were commonly referred to in the 1960s and 1970s, were originally used to track the number of households contacted, acceptors reached, and contraceptives distributed and to monitor subsidies claimed for contraceptive services. A 1969 paper noted three advantages of using coupons: administrative verification of IUD insertion; educational or motivational aid to the IUD acceptor by reminding the client of the subsidy and opportunity to complete the referral; and the ability to monitor and evaluate performance of referral agents and family planning service providers (Cernada and Chow 1969).…”

Section: Policy Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Population Council ; Anon ; Isaacs ; Lim ; Chow et al. ; Cernada and Chow ; Obare et al. ; Chin‐Quee et al.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and Pierce 1977; Stycos and Mundigo 1974;Carranza 2010;Echeverry 1975;Fendall 1971;Treadway et al 1976;Population Council 1993;Anon 1975;Isaacs 1975;Lim 1974;Chow et al 1969;Cernada and Chow 1969;Obare et al 2013;Chin-Quee et al 2010;Agha 2011;Khurram Azmat et al 2013;Hameed et al 2015;Bajracharya et al 2016;Anon 2010; IFPS Technical Assistance Project [ITAP] 2012; Meuwissen et al 2006a;Kemplay et al 2013;Boddam-Whetham et al 2016;Brody et al 2013). Although the specifics vary between programs, the voucher strategy identifies beneficiaries from disadvantaged groups and gives individuals a voucher that they can take to a contracted public or private provider for service (Sandiford et al 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Family Planning Vouchers in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review

Bellows¹,

Bulaya²,

Inambwae³

et al. 2016

Studies in Family Planning

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Family planning (FP) vouchers have targeted subsidies to disadvantaged populations for quality reproductive health services since the 1960s. To summarize the effect of FP voucher programs in low‐ and middle‐income countries, a systematic review was conducted, screening studies from 33 databases through three phases: keyword search, title and abstract review, and full text review. Sixteen articles were selected including randomized control trials, controlled before‐and‐after, interrupted time series analyses, cohort, and before‐and‐after studies. Twenty‐three study outcomes were clustered around contraceptive uptake, with study outcomes including fertility in the early studies and equity and discontinuation in more recent publications. Research gaps include measures of FP quality, unintended outcomes, clients’ qualitative experiences, FP voucher integration with health systems, and issues related to scale‐up of the voucher approach.

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Section: Policy Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Population Council ; Anon ; Isaacs ; Lim ; Chow et al. ; Cernada and Chow ; Obare et al. ; Chin‐Quee et al.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Family Planning Vouchers in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review

Bellows¹,

Bulaya²,

Inambwae³

et al. 2016

Studies in Family Planning

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“…Output-based health care vouchers were first used in low-income countries on a large scale for family planning services in Taiwan and Korea in the 1960s and 1970s (Cernada and Chow 1969; Ross et al . 1970; Lin and Huang 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase in facility-based deliveries associated with a maternal health voucher programme in informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya

Bellows

Kyobutungi

Mutua

et al. 2012

Health Policy and Planning

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Objective To measure whether there was an association between the introduction of an output-based voucher programme and the odds of a facility-based delivery in two Nairobi informal settlements.Data sources Nairobi Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System (NUHDSS) and two cross-sectional household surveys in Korogocho and Viwandani informal settlements in 2004–05 and 2006–08.Methods Odds of facility-based delivery were estimated before and after introduction of an output-based voucher. Supporting NUHDSS data were used to determine whether any trend in maternal health care was coincident with immunizations, a non-voucher outpatient service. As part of NUHDSS, households in Korogocho and Viwandani reported place of delivery and the presence of a skilled birth attendant (2003–10) and vaccination coverage (2003–09). A detailed maternal and child health (MCH) tool was added to NUHDSS (September 2006–10). Prospective enrolment in NUHDSS-MCH was conditional on having a newborn after September 2006. In addition to recording mother’s place of delivery, NUHDSS-MCH recorded the use of the voucher.Findings There were significantly greater odds of a facility-based delivery among respondents during the voucher programme compared with similar respondents prior to voucher launch. Testing whether unrelated outpatient care also increased, a falsification exercise found no significant increase in immunizations for children 12–23 months of age in the same period. Although the proportion completing any antenatal care (ANC) visit remained above 95% of all reported pregnancies and there was a significant increase in facility-based deliveries, the proportion of women completing 4+ ANC visits was significantly lower during the voucher programme.Conclusions A positive association was observed between vouchers and facility-based deliveries in Nairobi. Although there is a need for higher quality evidence and validation in future studies, this statistically significant and policy relevant finding suggests that increases in facility-based deliveries can be achieved through output-based finance models that target subsidies to underserved populations.

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“…Voucher schemes were first used for family planning services between the 1960s and 1970s in Korea and Taiwan [12–14]. In voucher Schemes, subsidies are trickled-down from government and donors to underprivileged populations to stimulate demand for healthcare services.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accessibility of long-term family planning methods: a comparison study between Output Based Approach (OBA) clients verses non-OBA clients in the voucher supported facilities in Kenya

Oyugi

Kioko

Kaboro

et al. 2017

BMC Health Serv Res

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BackgroundThe study seeks to evaluate the difference in access of long-term family planning (LTFP) methods among the output based approach (OBA) and non-OBA clients within the OBA facility.MethodsThe study utilises a quasi experimental design. A two tailed unpaired t-test with unequal variance is used to test for the significance variation in the mean access. The difference in difference (DiD) estimates of program effect on long term family planning methods is done to estimate the causal effect by exploiting the group level difference on two or more dimensions. The study also uses a linear regression model to evaluate the predictors of choice of long-term family planning methods. Data was analysed using SPSS version 17.ResultsAll the methods (Bilateral tubal ligation-BTL, Vasectomy, intrauterine contraceptive device -IUCD, Implants, and Total or combined long-term family planning methods -LTFP) showed a statistical significant difference in the mean utilization between OBA versus non-OBA clients. The difference in difference estimates reveal that the difference in access between OBA and non OBA clients can significantly be attributed to the implementation of the OBA program for intrauterine contraceptive device (p = 0.002), Implants (p = 0.004), and total or combined long-term family planning methods (p = 0.001). The county of residence is a significant determinant of access to all long-term family planning methods except vasectomy and the year of registration is a significant determinant of access especially for implants and total or combined long-term family planning methods. The management level and facility type does not play a role in determining the type of long-term family planning method preferred; however, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) as management level influences the choice of all methods (Bilateral tubal ligation, intrauterine contraceptive device, Implants, and combined methods) except vasectomy. The adjusted R2 value, representing the percentage of the variance explained by various models, is larger than 18% for implants and total or combined long-term family planning.ConclusionThe study showed that the voucher services in Kenya has been effective in providing long-term family planning services and improving access of care provided to women of reproductive age. Therefore, voucher scheme can be used as a tool for bridging the gap of unmet needs of family planning in Kenya and could potentially be more effective if rolled out to other counties.

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The coupon system in an ongoing family planning program.

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Family Planning Vouchers in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review

Family Planning Vouchers in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review

Increase in facility-based deliveries associated with a maternal health voucher programme in informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya

Accessibility of long-term family planning methods: a comparison study between Output Based Approach (OBA) clients verses non-OBA clients in the voucher supported facilities in Kenya

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