The Cotton Apoplastic Protein CRR1 Stabilizes Chitinase 28 to Facilitate Defense against the Fungal Pathogen <i>Verticillium dahliae</i>

Plant Biotechnology Journal

et al. 2019

Summary The diploid wild cotton species Gossypium australe possesses excellent traits including resistance to disease and delayed gland morphogenesis, and has been successfully used for distant breeding programmes to incorporate disease resistance traits into domesticated cotton. Here, we sequenced the G. australe genome by integrating PacBio, Illumina short read, BioNano (DLS) and Hi‐C technologies, and acquired a high‐quality reference genome with a contig N50 of 1.83 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 143.60 Mb. We found that 73.5% of the G. australe genome is composed of various repeat sequences, differing from those of G. arboreum (85.39%), G. hirsutum (69.86%) and G. barbadense (69.83%). The G. australe genome showed closer collinear relationships with the genome of G. arboreum than G. raimondii and has undergone less extensive genome reorganization than the G. arboreum genome. Selection signature and transcriptomics analyses implicated multiple genes in disease resistance responses, including GauCCD7 and GauCBP1, and experiments revealed induction of both genes by Verticillium dahliae and by the plant hormones strigolactone (GR24), salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Experiments using a Verticillium‐resistant domesticated G. barbadense cultivar confirmed that knockdown of the homologues of these genes caused a significant reduction in resistance against Verticillium dahliae. Moreover, knockdown of a newly identified gland‐associated gene GauGRAS1 caused a glandless phenotype in partial tissues using G. australe. The G. australe genome represents a valuable resource for cotton research and distant relative breeding as well as for understanding the evolutionary history of crop genomes.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Genome sequencing of the Australian wild diploid species Gossypium australe highlights disease resistance and delayed gland morphogenesis

Cai

Plant Biotechnology Journal

et al. 2019

“…After treatment with flg22, both BAK1 and OPEN STOMATA 1 (OST1), a SUCROSE NON‐FERMENTING 1 (SNF1)‐related protein kinase that activates various membrane proteins involved in stomatal closure, phosphorylate PIP2;1 at Ser121 followed by an accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) in guard cell and stomatal closure (Grondin et al 2015; Rodrigues et al 2017). Arabidopsis PM‐localized anion efflux channels SLOW ANION CHANNEL‐ASSOCIATED 1 (SLAC1) and SLAC1‐HOMOLOG 1 and 3 (SLAH1 and SLAH3) have been reported to be targets of OST1 and required for bacterial flagellin‐induced stomatal closure (Geiger et al 2009; Brandt et al 2012; Guzel Deger et al 2015). In addition, SLAH3 was more recently shown to be phosphorylated by PBL27 at Ser127 and Ser189 after the perception of chitin by LYK5, and the phosphorylation of SLAH3 is required for chitin‐induced stomatal closure (Liu et al 2019), suggesting that the PRR complex could deploy RLCKs to regulate stomatal closure directly.…”

Section: Recent Discoveries Of the Activation Of Immunity Mediated Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant immune signaling: Advancing on two frontiers

Feng

Zhou

et al. 2020

JIPB

176

144

Plants have evolved multiple defense strategies to cope with pathogens, among which plant immune signaling that relies on cell-surface localized and intracellular receptors takes fundamental roles. Exciting breakthroughs were made recently on the signaling mechanisms of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide-binding site (NBS) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain receptors (NLRs). This review summarizes the current view of PRRs activation, emphasizing the most recent discoveries about PRRs' dynamic regulation and signaling mechanisms directly leading to downstream molecular events including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and calcium (Ca 2+ ) burst. Plants also have evolved intracellular NLRs to perceive the presence of specific pathogen effectors and trigger more robust immune responses. We also discuss the current understanding of the mechanisms of NLR activation, which has been greatly advanced by recent breakthroughs including structures of the first full-length plant NLR complex, findings of NLR sensor-helper pairs and novel biochemical activity of Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain.

“…This kind of integrated strategy efficiently isolated and validated several key genes with important functions. For instance, GhARF2, GhARF18 [52], GhXLIM6 [53], GhFSN1 [54], GhJAZ2 [55], GhFAnnxA [56], GhPAG1 [57], GhCETS [58], GhHSP24.7 [59,60], GhAAI66 [61], GhDsPTP3a [62], GhERF38 [63], GhABF2 [64], CRR1 [65], GhERF38 [63], GbSOBIR1 [66], and GhCPK33 [67], as well as other genes necessary for fiber development, growth, germination, gossypol, flowering, and resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses and diseases have been described.…”

Section: Integrated Strategies For Gene Cloningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gossypium Genomics: Trends, Scope, and Utilization for Cotton Improvement

Yang

Qanmber

Trends in Plant Science

et al. 2020

111

Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is the most important natural fiber crop worldwide. The diversity of Gossypium species also provides an ideal model for investigating evolution and domestication of polyploids. However, the huge and complex cotton genome hinders genomic research. Technical advances in high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis have now largely overcome these obstacles, bringing about a new era of cotton genomics. Here, we review recent progress in Gossypium genomics based on whole genome sequencing, resequencing, and comparative genomics, which have provided insights about the genomic basis of fiber biogenesis and the landscape of cotton functional genomics. We address current challenges and present multidisciplinary genomics-enabled breeding strategies covering the breadth of high fiber yield, quality, and environmental resilience for future cotton breeding programs. Gossypium Genomics at a Glance As the world's most important fiber crop and a major source of seed oil and protein, cotton is cultivated in more than 75 countries around the globe [1]. Cotton fibers are seed trichomes, up to 65 mm long, composed of almost pure cellulose, and provide a unique single-celled model system for studying cell elongation and cell wall biogenesis [2]. The Gossypium genus is extraordinarily diverse, with eight diploid genome groups (A-G, and K) and one allopolyploid group (AD) [3,4]. Hybridization and polyploidization of two parental diploids, an A genome-like species with a D genome-like species, has resulted in at least seven allotetraploid species. Two allotetraploid species, Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense, evolved independently; these two account for over 90% of annual commercial fiber production. Gossypium is ideal for investigating the origin, evolution, and domestication of polyploids [5-7]. Highlights Cotton is an important natural fiber crop cultivated worldwide that also provides an ideal model for investigating evolution and domestication of polyploids Combinations of the latest technologies, such as optical mapping, high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C), and Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) long-reads, have been used to generate multiple high-quality reference genomes of diploid and allotetraploid cotton. Comparative population genomics illuminated the genetic history of cotton domestication and identified the genomic variation determining fiber yield, quality, and stress resistance.