The costs of caring: Gender identification increases threat following exposure to sexism

Eliezer, Dina; Major, Brenda; Mendes, Wendy Berry

doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2009.09.015

Cited by 49 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Our study clarified the direction of their effects on life satisfaction. Previous studies on social identities have produced mixed findings, with some studies showing that they exert a protective role on psychological well-being (R. M. Lee, 2005), and others finding they are risk factors on mental health (Eliezer, Major, & Mendes, 2010). The results from our conditional mediation models may provide a framework that explains the conditions under which solidarity with one's in-group may act as a risk or protective factor.…”

Section: Strengths Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 66%

Conditional Mediation Models of Intersecting Identities Among Female Asian International Students

Liu

Wong

Tsai

2016

The Counseling Psychologist

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This study investigated how gender, racial, and nationality discrimination were related to the life satisfaction of female Asian international students directly and indirectly through loneliness, as well as how these pathways differed as a function of gender, racial, and nationality in-group solidarity. Participants were 216 female Asian international students from two public universities. Results demonstrated that all three types of discrimination predicted decreased life satisfaction. Loneliness mediated the relationship between perceived discrimination and life satisfaction. In addition, these mediation pathways differed as a function of in-group solidarity (e.g., sense of attachment to one's racial group), providing evidence for conditional mediation effects. Gender solidarity was a protective factor that mitigated feelings of loneliness when experiencing gender discrimination, whereas racial and nationality solidarity were risk factors for decreased life satisfaction when experiencing loneliness. We provide research implications for international student scholars and clinical implications for university staff and clinicians.

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Section: Strengths Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 66%

Conditional Mediation Models of Intersecting Identities Among Female Asian International Students

Liu

Wong

Tsai

2016

The Counseling Psychologist

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“…Numerous studies have documented that perceived pervasive sexism and gender-based stereotype threat are related to lower self-esteem, greater psychological distress (e.g., anxiety, depression, etc. ), physiological stress, physical health problems, and poor performance (Branscombe, Kobryknowicz, Owen, & Schmitt, 2002; Dion, 1975; Eliezer, Major, & Mendes, 2010; Fischer & Holtz, 2007; Hunter, 1998; Logel, Walton, Spencer, Iserman, von Hippel, & Bell, 2009); McCoy & Major, 2003; Pascoe & Richman, 2009; Schmitt, Branscombe, & Postmes, 2003; Schmitt, Branscombe, Postmes, & Garcia, 2014; Swim, Hyers, Cohen, & Ferguson, 2001). Here, we examine one strategy that may promote resilience among women exposed to pervasive sexism – group affirmation.…”

Section: Perceived Sexism and Self-esteemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The power of affirming group values: Group affirmation buffers the self-esteem of women exposed to blatant sexism

et al. 2016

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Extending the group affirmation literature to the domain of prejudice, this study investigated whether group affirmation buffers the self-esteem of women exposed to blatant sexism. In accordance with Self-Affirmation Theory (Steele, 1988) and group affirmation research (Sherman et al., 2007), we hypothesized that when one aspect of the collective self is threatened (gender identity), self-esteem can be maintained via the affirmation of an alternative aspect of the collective self. In a 2×2 between-participants design, female students were randomly assigned to read about discrimination directed toward women or a non-self-relevant disadvantaged group (the Inuit). All then participated in a (fictitious) second study, in which half completed a group affirmation manipulation (wrote about the top three values of a self-defining group) and half completed a control writing exercise. The self-esteem of women who were threatened by sexism, but group affirmed, was protected from the negative effects of perceiving sexism.

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“…A BP sensor was applied, and participants were asked to sit quietly for a fi ve minute baseline measurement period. Following this baseline period, participants took part in an experimental session, the results of which are reported elsewhere (Eliezer, Major, & Mendes, 2010).…”

Section: Low Perceived Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

System-Justifying Beliefs Moderate the Relationship Between Perceived Discrimination and Resting Blood Pressure

et al. 2011

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The costs of caring: Gender identification increases threat following exposure to sexism

Cited by 49 publications

References 44 publications

Conditional Mediation Models of Intersecting Identities Among Female Asian International Students

Conditional Mediation Models of Intersecting Identities Among Female Asian International Students

The power of affirming group values: Group affirmation buffers the self-esteem of women exposed to blatant sexism

System-Justifying Beliefs Moderate the Relationship Between Perceived Discrimination and Resting Blood Pressure

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