The costs for protein and energy requirements by nematode infection and resistance in Merino sheep

Liu, Shimin; Smith, Tanya; Karlsson, L. J. E.; Palmer, D.G.; Besier, R.B.

doi:10.1016/j.livprodsci.2005.03.007

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…During this phase, live weight may plateau largely as a result of reduced voluntary feed intake and reduced nutrient utilization in the order of 20% to 50%, which have been directly attributed to components associated with the developing immune response . Energy and protein requirements during this time have been shown to be increased by 30% and 18%, respectively, reflecting a considerable nutritional cost. By contrast, the estimated cost of maintaining an immune response during expression phase is considerably less.…”

Section: Time Course Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By contrast, the estimated cost of maintaining an immune response during expression phase is considerably less. Maintenance of immunity to GIN in sheep has been suggested to incur a 15% loss in productivity with both energy and protein requirements increased by 5–7% . Thus, from a nutritional perspective, development of immunity once established incurs relatively little penalty on the host yet the necessary path to reach that point does.…”

Section: Time Course Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relative maturity and the development of immunity to gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep: an overlooked paradigm?

Greer

Hamie

2016

Parasite Immunology

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Sheep display considerable variation in both the timing and magnitude of development of immunity to gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN). Onset of immunity is dependent on a number of factors, including antigenic stimulus, nutrition supply, age and size of the animals, the latter of which are confounded. Here, we review the factors associated with the development of immunity to GIN in sheep, particularly in the context of the role that relative maturity may have through applying the rules of genetic size scaling based on examples from published literature. Comparing animals based on their metabolic age, rather than chronological age, may provide an explanation for the timing of immune development and may reduce the variation in immune development that frequently is observed both between and within breeds. Further, this approach may help explain the phenotypic differences in animal performance between animals of varying immunological capacity to GIN through influences on mature body weight. As such, when considering factors influencing immune development to GIN, physiological age or relative maturity may be considered an overlooked paradigm. We propose it may be worthwhile to consider metabolic age when comparing the immune competence of animals to ensure the subjects are at an analogous stage of physiological development.

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Section: Time Course Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Time Course Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative maturity and the development of immunity to gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep: an overlooked paradigm?

Greer

Hamie

2016

Parasite Immunology

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“…Our deer were kept parasite-free, while no such situation occurred in free-ranging deer. Parasites can affect the energetic balance of an animal by raising body repair expenditure or sequestering protein, minerals, and other nutrients (Coop and Kyriazakis 2001;Liu et al 2005). Thus, they are likely to divert resources that in a farm management system are directed toward antler growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such load is likely to influence antler characteristics in Iberian red deer, as it does in white-tailed deer (Ditchkoff et al 2001b) and reindeer (Lagesen and Folstad 1998). In addition, parasites interact with nutrition because they ingest minerals and other nutrients (Liu et al 2005) and divert resources for body repair that could be used for antler growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population management and bone structural effects in composition and radio-opacity of Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) antlers

et al. 2007

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Antlers are costly bone structures whose size and external characteristics are influenced by nutrition, climatic variability, and other factors. In this study, we examined the effects of a well-managed captive population vs unmanaged free-ranging herds (greatly differing in food availability and energetic and immunological expenditures) on antler structural characteristics of Iberian red deer. We assessed the effect of management and sample position in the antler on cortical bone depth, bone mineral and protein content, and radiographic bone opacity. Cortical bone depth and mineral percent was greater in captive animals on greater food availability and lower energetic and immunological expenditures. After removing the inverse relationship with mineral content in the model, protein percent was also higher in antlers from captive than in those from free-ranging deer. Management system also influenced radio-opacity indirectly as interaction with other factors and cortical bone depth effects. Structural properties also differed between antler points that are very close in the antler and seem to differ only in the role they play. In conclusion, captive management can affect antler structure and composition, possibly as a result of different availability of food and immunological costs.

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“…O desenvolvimento de linhagens de ovinos resistentes às verminoses pela reprodução seletiva tem sido utilizado na Austrália e Nova Zelândia. Investigação de campo, contudo, tem resultado tanto em relações favoráveis quanto desfavoráveis entre as características de produção e maior resistência aos parasitas (6)(7)(8) . O desenvolvimento de uma resposta imune competente contra os nematodas está associado negativamente com a eficiência nutricional como anorexia e mudanças nas rotas metabólicas, que são questões levantadas quando se busca o fortalecimento da resposta imune pela seleção genética (9) .…”

Section: Fernandes Lh Et Alunclassified

Resistência À Verminose E Suplementação Proteica No Periparto: Efeito No Parasitismo E No Desempenho Reprodutivo De Ovelhas Do Grupamento Racial Pantaneiro

et al. 2017

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ResumoOs objetivos do trabalho foram avaliar o efeito do grau de resistência à verminose e da suplementação proteica nos índices reprodutivos e no parasitismo em ovelhas do grupamento racial Pantaneiro. As ovelhas foram classificadas pelo número de ovos de nematodas por grama de fezes (OPG) como resistentes (RR), sensíveis (SS) e intermediárias (RS), e submetidas (SUPL) ou não (NSUPL) à suplementação durante o terço final da gestação e na lactação. Em dois ciclos reprodutivos, a cada 28 dias, as ovelhas foram pesadas e tratadas com anti-helmínticos quando o OPG apresentava-se ≥ 4000. O peso das ovelhas não foi influenciado pelo grau de resistência aos nematódeos e a suplementação teve efeito no peso somente no período em que foi ofertada. As taxas de natalidade e de desmame não foram influenciadas pelo grau de resistência e pela suplementação. A taxa de mortalidade de crias foi menor no grupo SUPL. A taxa de mortalidade de ovelhas foi três vezes mais elevada no grupo SS em relação ao grupo RR e o peso das crias foi menor no grupo SS em relação aos grupos RR e RS. Os três grupos mostraram picos no OPG durante o terço final da gestação, mas as médias foram sempre menores no grupo RR que, no geral, necessitaram 2,5 vezes menos tratamentos anti-helmínticos que as SS. A suplementação não apresentou correlação com o OPG e com o número de tratamentos anti-helmínticos. A classificação de ovelhas pelo OPG em resistentes aos nematodas proporcionou menor número de tratamentos antihelmínticos, menor taxa de mortalidade de ovelhas e peso maior das crias ao nascimento.

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The costs for protein and energy requirements by nematode infection and resistance in Merino sheep

Cited by 28 publications

References 29 publications

Relative maturity and the development of immunity to gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep: an overlooked paradigm?

Relative maturity and the development of immunity to gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep: an overlooked paradigm?

Population management and bone structural effects in composition and radio-opacity of Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) antlers

Resistência À Verminose E Suplementação Proteica No Periparto: Efeito No Parasitismo E No Desempenho Reprodutivo De Ovelhas Do Grupamento Racial Pantaneiro

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