The costs and benefits of primary prevention of zoonotic pandemics

Bernstein, Aaron; Ando, Amy W.; Loch-Temzelides, Ted; Vale, Mariana M.; Li, Binbin V.; Li, Hongying; Busch, Jonah; Chapman, Colin A.; Kinnaird, Margaret F.; Nowak, Katarzyna; Castro, Márcia C.; Zambrana‐Torrelio, Carlos; Ahumada, Jorge; Xiao, Lingyun; Roehrdanz, Patrick R.; Kaufman, Les; Lee, Hannah; Daszak, Peter; Pimm, Stuart L.; Dobson, Andy

doi:10.1126/sciadv.abl4183

Cited by 117 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…mass culling) and value of farmed and captive animals, it can facilitate research in animal health economics, e.g. assessing the economic burden of SARS-CoV-2 infections on animal production systems and conservation programmes or supporting cost-benefit analysis of prevention of zoonotic-origin pandemics 48 . The dataset can also assist risk-based veterinary surveillance by identifying surveillance needs to protect animal health and efficiently prioritizing resource allocation, especially in resource-limited contexts.…”

Section: Usage Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-ANI: a global open access dataset of reported SARS-CoV-2 events in animals

et al. 2022

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The zoonotic origin of SARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent of COVID-19, is not yet fully resolved. Although natural infections in animals are reported in a wide range of species, large knowledge and data gaps remain regarding SARS-CoV-2 in animal hosts. We used two major health databases to extract unstructured data and generated a global dataset of SARS-CoV-2 events in animals. The dataset presents harmonized host names, integrates relevant epidemiological and clinical data on each event, and is readily usable for analytical purposes. We also share the code for technical and visual validation of the data and created a user-friendly dashboard for data exploration. Data on SARS-CoV-2 occurrence in animals is critical to adapting monitoring strategies, preventing the formation of animal reservoirs, and tailoring future human and animal vaccination programs. The FAIRness and analytical flexibility of the data will support research efforts on SARS-CoV-2 at the human-animal-environment interface. We intend to update this dataset weekly for at least one year and, through collaborations, to develop it further and expand its use.

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Section: Usage Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-ANI: a global open access dataset of reported SARS-CoV-2 events in animals

et al. 2022

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“…mass culling) and value of farmed and captive animals, it can facilitate research in animal health economics, e.g. assessing the economic burden of SARS-CoV-2 infections on animal production systems and conservation programmes or supporting cost-benefit analysis of prevention of zoonotic-origin pandemics 45 . The dataset can also assist risk-based veterinary surveillance by identifying surveillance needs to protect animal health and efficiently prioritizing resource allocation, especially in resource-limited contexts.…”

Section: Usage Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-ANI: A Global Open Access Dataset of Reported SARS-CoV-2 Events in Animals

Nerpel

Yang

Sorger

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The zoonotic origin of SARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent of COVID-19, is not yet fully resolved. Although natural infections in animals are reported in a wide range of species, large knowledge and data gaps remain regarding SARS-CoV-2 animal hosts. We used two major health databases to extract unstructured data and generated a comprehensive global dataset of thoroughly documented SARS-CoV-2 events in animals. The dataset integrates relevant epidemiological and clinical data on each event and is readily usable for analytical purposes. We also share the code for technical and visual validation of the data and created a user-friendly dashboard for data exploration. Data on SARS-CoV-2 occurrence in animals is critical to adapt monitoring strategy, prevent the formation of animal reservoirs, and tailor future human and animal vaccination programs. The FAIRness and analytical flexibility of the data will support research efforts on SARS-CoV-2 at the human-animal-environment interface. We intend to update this dataset weekly for at least one year and, through collaborative processes, to develop the dataset further and expand its use.

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“…Most debated are the impacts on food security for individuals who depend on wild meat for subsistence, contrasted with the depletion of wildlife populations that could result from unsustainable hunting, or contrasted with the food security crises that have followed the past zoonotic epidemics (Brashares et al, 2004; Huber et al, 2018; Niles et al, 2020; Ripple et al, 2016). Also debated is the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services that would result from land clearances if domestic animal farming were to be the alternative to wild meat, contrasted with the impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services resulting from unsustainable harvesting of wildlife populations and destructive collection methods (Bernstein et al, 2022; Booth et al, 2021; Ripple et al, 2016; Scheffers et al, 2019). Likewise, discussions revolve around the risk of zoonotic outbreaks originating from domestic animal farming as an alternative to wild meat, versus the risks of zoonotic pathogens spilling through human–wildlife interactions during wildlife hunting, consumption, and trade (Bernstein et al, 2022; Parry et al, 2014; Ripple et al, 2016; Wolfe et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These targeted solutions, in turn, will require policy changes and additional financial resources, which national and international conservation organizations currently lack (Dobson et al, 2020). The COVID‐19 pandemic has prompted discussions over the need to better regulate the wildlife trade, making clear the economic incentives and costs associated with this industry, and underscoring the challenges that conservation organizations face in combating the wildlife trade giant on their own (Bernstein et al, 2022; Ripple et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic incentives for the wildlife trade and costs of epidemics compared across individual, national, and global scales

Wit

Fisher

Naidoo

et al. 2022

Conservat Sci and Prac

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The wildlife trade drives biodiversity loss and zoonotic disease emergence, and the health and economic impacts of COVID‐19 have sparked discussions over stricter regulation of the wildlife trade. Yet regulation for conservation and health purposes is at odds with the economic incentives provided by this multibillion‐dollar industry. To understand why the wildlife trade persists despite associated biodiversity and global health threats, we used a benefit–cost approach using simple calculations to compare the economic benefits of the wildlife trade at the individual, national, and global scales to the costs of COVID‐19, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and Ebola disease across scenarios of epidemic frequency. For COVID‐19, benefits of the wildlife trade outweigh costs at individual scales, but costs far exceed benefits at national and global scales, particularly if epidemics were to become frequent. For SARS and Ebola, benefits outweigh costs at all scales, except if Ebola‐like epidemics were to become frequent. The wildlife trade produces net benefits for people who depend on wildlife for food and income but incurs net costs on stakeholders at larger scales from increased epidemic risk. While our analysis omits a variety of costs and benefits that are difficult to quantify and contrast, our analysis is meant to illustrate the distributional outcomes across stakeholder groups that could result from increased wildlife trade regulation. Importantly, the feasibility of trade regulatory policies will depend on how these benefits and costs compare across groups and would therefore need to involve accessible and attractive alternative sources of food and livelihoods for those who depend on the wildlife trade.

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The costs and benefits of primary prevention of zoonotic pandemics

Cited by 117 publications

References 131 publications

SARS-ANI: a global open access dataset of reported SARS-CoV-2 events in animals

SARS-ANI: a global open access dataset of reported SARS-CoV-2 events in animals

SARS-ANI: A Global Open Access Dataset of Reported SARS-CoV-2 Events in Animals

Economic incentives for the wildlife trade and costs of epidemics compared across individual, national, and global scales

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