The Cost of Superconducting Magnets as a Function of Stored Energy and Design Magnetic Induction Times the Field Volume

Green, M.A.; Strauss, B.P.

doi:10.1109/tasc.2008.921279

Cited by 49 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…If the loads exceed the limit of the wire/tape then extra reinforcement is needed, the magnet outer diameter starts to grow, demanding even more material and leading to a catastrophic increase in volume (and thus in cost) despite the modest increase in magnetic field (see figure 27). The relationship between magnet costs, field and volume is discussed in [187] for several type of large magnets.…”

Section: High Field Solenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of commercial high temperature superconducting materials for large magnets: from wires and tapes to cables and conductors

Uglietti

2019

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

179

123

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High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) materials have the potential to generate magnetic field beyond the level obtainable with Low Temperature Superconducting (LTS). This review reports the past and present R&D on HTS cables and conductors for high field tokamaks, accelerator dipoles and large solenoids. Among the HTS wires and tapes available commercially, coated conductor tapes are the most appealing because of the outstanding critical strength and large improvement margin. Limitations are the weakness against peeling and shearing and the short piece length. The prices for technical superconductors are reviewed because they play an important role in large projects; moreover the perspective of industrial production of HTS wires and tapes is discussed considering the historical development of the LTS wire market. Various designs have been proposed for HTS cables and conductors: some are better suited for soft materials, while others can exploit the anisotropy of coated conductors (by aligning the tape with the field), providing the highest current density. The last decade has seen an increase in the size and complexity of the prototypes; however some peculiar features of HTS, such as high stability margin and high mechanical limits, have not yet been fully incorporated in the designs: for example the transposition requirements for HTS have not yet been studied in detail. Several facts indicate that tapes (even if anisotropic) can be used for manufacturing cables and magnets of any size and have advantages with respect to round wires.

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Section: High Field Solenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of commercial high temperature superconducting materials for large magnets: from wires and tapes to cables and conductors

Uglietti

2019

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

179

123

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“…Additionally, the fusion power generated under ignition or the maximum possible plasma density, equal to the Sudo density limit [22], could have been minimized. Instead, we decided to minimize the magnetic field since it clearly correlates with the cost of the coils and their support structures [23]. Only an initial estimate of possible operating points is sought here.…”

Section: Assumptions and Governing Equations: Ignition Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial Exploration of High-Field Pulsed Stellarator Approach to Ignition Experiments

Queral¹,

Volpe

Spong

et al. 2018

J Fusion Energ

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In the framework of fusion energy research based on magnetic confinement, pulsed high-field tokamaks such as Alcator and FTU have made significant scientific contributions, while several others have been designed to reach ignition, but not built yet (IGNITOR, FIRE). Equivalent stellarator concepts, however, have barely been explored. The present study aims at filling this gap by: (1) performing an initial exploration of parameters relevant to ignition and of the difficulties for a highfield stellarator approach, and, (2) proposing a preliminary high-field stellarator concept for physics studies of burning plasmas and, possibly, ignition. To minimize costs, the device is pulsed, adopts resistive coils and has no blankets. Scaling laws are used to estimate the minimum field needed for ignition, fusion power and other plasma parameters. Analytical expressions and finite-element calculations are used to estimate approximate heat loads on the divertors, coil power consumption, and mechanical stresses as functions of the plasma volume, under wide-ranging parameters. Based on these studies, and on assumptions on the enhancement-factor of the energy confinement time and the achievable plasma beta, it is estimated that a stellarator of magnetic field B * 10 T and 30 m 3 plasma volume could approach or reach ignition, without encountering unsurmountable thermal or mechanical difficulties. The preliminary conceptual device is characterised by massive copper coils of variable cross-section, detachable periods, and a lithium wall and divertor.

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“…The cost of the conductor for the LTS magnet is ∼110 k$ including 10 percent overage. In a typical Nb-Ti magnet, the conductor is 10 to 20 percent of the magnet cost [11] (not including the iron or cooling). Magnet vendors often say that cost of coil winding and potting of a Nb-Ti simple solenoid is about the same as the conductor in the coil.…”

Section: Magnet Capital Cost and Operating Costmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cyclotron Magnet Case Study: Would Replacing the LTS Coils With HTS Coils Make Sense?

Green

Chouhan

2016

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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The cyclotron gas-stopper magnet (CGSM) at Michigan State University (MSU) was used as model for a study for whether HTS conductor is feasible for use in cyclotrons. The outside diameter of the CGSM split warm iron magnet yoke is 4 m, with a pole radius of 1.1 m. The desired field shape is obtained by shaping the iron pole profile. Each superconducting coil is in a separate cryostat. The two coils are connected in series through the warm electrical connection. Each coil is wound and potted within an 80 mm × 80 mm cross section and mounted within a 304 stainless steel helium vessel that is designed to carry magnetic forces to the magnet cold mass supports without excessive deflection. The iron is split, so that the cyclotron chamber and RF extraction system can be mounted between the two poles. This magnet has been successfully cooled down and tested at MSU to its 180-A operating current. One can ask the following question, "If one built a cyclotron magnet the size of the MSU cyclotron gas-stopper magnet, would replacing the existing LTS coils with HTS coils using a standard second generation HTS tape make technical sense or economic sense?" The report will explore the technical and economic issues of replacing an existing LTS coil with an HTS coil of the same size and shape, using 2G YBCO tape conductor commercially available in 2015 in place of the Nb-Ti used in the magnet.

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The Cost of Superconducting Magnets as a Function of Stored Energy and Design Magnetic Induction Times the Field Volume

Cited by 49 publications

References 6 publications

A review of commercial high temperature superconducting materials for large magnets: from wires and tapes to cables and conductors

A review of commercial high temperature superconducting materials for large magnets: from wires and tapes to cables and conductors

Initial Exploration of High-Field Pulsed Stellarator Approach to Ignition Experiments

A Cyclotron Magnet Case Study: Would Replacing the LTS Coils With HTS Coils Make Sense?

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