The cost of reproduction: the devil in the details

Harshman, Lawrence G.; Zera, Anthony J.

doi:10.1016/j.tree.2006.10.008

Cited by 627 publications

(592 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Our result showing that the tradeoff might be stronger in a low-nutrition environment than in a high-nutrition environment is consistent with an energy allocation tradeoff. A strong test of this hypothesis, however, requires an understanding of the mechanistic basis of the tradeoff [6,55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tradeoffs limit the evolution of male traits that are attractive to females

et al. 2012

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Tradeoffs occur between a variety of traits in a diversity of organisms, and these tradeoffs can have major effects on ecological and evolutionary processes. Far less is known, however, about tradeoffs between male traits that affect mate attraction than about tradeoffs between other types of traits. Previous results indicate that females of the variable field cricket, Gryllus lineaticeps, prefer male songs with higher chirp rates and longer chirp durations. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that a tradeoff between these traits affects the evolution of male song. The two traits were negatively correlated among full-sibling families, consistent with a genetically based tradeoff, and the tradeoff was stronger when nutrients were limiting. In addition, for males from 12 populations reared in a common environment, the traits were negatively correlated within populations, the strength of the tradeoff was largely invariant across populations, and the within-population tradeoff predicted how the traits have evolved among populations. A widespread tradeoff thus affects male trait evolution. Finally, for males from four populations assayed in the field, the traits were negatively correlated within and among populations. The tradeoff is thus robust to the presence of environmental factors that might mask its effects. Together, our results indicate there is a fundamental tradeoff between male traits that: (i) limits the ability of males to produce multiple attractive traits; (ii) limits how male traits evolve; and (iii) might favour plasticity in female mating preferences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tradeoffs limit the evolution of male traits that are attractive to females

et al. 2012

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“…However, some studies have challenged this classical interpretation for the cost of reproduction [3]. To understand why investment in current reproduction reduces future reproduction and survival, it has been thus advocated that one has to identify the proximate mechanisms involved in the deterioration of organisms [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twofold cost of reproduction: an increase in parental effort leads to higher malarial parasitaemia and to a decrease in resistance to oxidative stress

et al. 2011

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Parental effort is usually associated with high metabolism that could lead to an increase in the production of reactive oxidative species giving rise to oxidative stress. Since many antioxidants involved in the resistance to oxidative stress can also enhance immune function, an increase in parental effort may diminish the level of antioxidants otherwise involved in parasite resistance. In the present study, we performed brood size manipulation in a population of great tits (Parus major) to create different levels of parental effort. We measured resistance to oxidative stress and used a newly developed quantitative PCR assay to quantify malarial parasitaemia. We found that males with an enlarged brood had significantly higher level of malarial parasites and lower red blood cell resistance to free radicals than males rearing control and reduced broods. Brood size manipulation did not affect female parasitaemia, although females with an enlarged brood had lower red blood cell resistance than females with control and reduced broods. However, for both sexes, there was no relationship between the level of parasitaemia and resistance to oxidative stress, suggesting a twofold cost of reproduction. Our results thus suggest the presence of two proximate and independent mechanisms for the well-documented trade-off between current reproductive effort and parental survival.

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“…Alternatively, recruitment can be influenced indirectly by disease effects that change maternal behaviors such as foraging, avoiding predators, and caring for young. For example, parasitism can compromise nutritional status and alter maternal care, and, in so doing, reduce offspring survival (King et al, 1977;Birkhead and Perrins, 1985;Festa-Bianchet, 1988;Davidar and Morton, 1993;Harshman and Zera, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating Chronic Wasting Disease Effects on Mule Deer Recruitment and Population Growth

Dulberger

Hobbs

Swanson³

et al. 2010

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Chronic wasting disease (CWD), a prion disease of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), accelerates mortality and in so doing has the potential to influence population dynamics. Although effects on mule deer survival are clear, how CWD affects recruitment is less certain. We studied how prion infection influenced the number of offspring raised to weaning per adult ($2 yr old) female mule deer and subsequently the estimated growth rate (l) of an infected deer herd. Infected and presumably uninfected radio-collared female deer were observed with their fawns in late summer (August-September) during three consecutive years (2006)(2007)(2008) in the Table Mesa area of Boulder, Colorado, USA. We counted the number of fawns accompanying each female, then used a fully Bayesian model to estimate recruitment by infected and uninfected females and the effect of the disease on l. On average, infected females weaned 0.95 fawns (95% credible interval50.56-1.43) whereas uninfected females weaned 1.34 fawns (95% credible interval51.09-1.61); the probability that uninfected females weaned more fawns than infected females was 0.93). We used estimates of prevalence to weight recruitment and survival parameters in the transition matrix of a three-age, single-sex matrix model and then used the matrix to calculate effects of CWD on l. When effects of CWD on both survival and recruitment were included, the modeled l was 0.97 (95% credible interval 5 0.82-1.09). Effects of disease on l were mediated almost entirely by elevated mortality of infected animals. We conclude that although CWD may affect mule deer recruitment, these effects seem to be sufficiently small that they can be omitted in estimating the influences of CWD on population growth rate.

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The cost of reproduction: the devil in the details

Cited by 627 publications

References 68 publications

Tradeoffs limit the evolution of male traits that are attractive to females

Tradeoffs limit the evolution of male traits that are attractive to females

Twofold cost of reproduction: an increase in parental effort leads to higher malarial parasitaemia and to a decrease in resistance to oxidative stress

Estimating Chronic Wasting Disease Effects on Mule Deer Recruitment and Population Growth

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