The cost of out-patient management of chronic heart failure in children with congenital heart disease

Sadoh, WE; Nwaneri, DU; Owobu, A C

doi:10.4103/1119-3077.79255

Cited by 30 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The age at presentation of the children with VSD was the oldest in the study, this may have been due to the inability of most patients with CHD to afford surgery in our environment 19 . They are thus exposed to recurrent pneumonia until they eventually have surgery or the defects closes spontaneously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Underlying congenital heart disease in Nigerian children with pneumonia

Sadoh¹,

Osarogiagbon²

2013

Afr H. Sci.

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Background: Pneumonia is a common cause of childhood morbidity and mortality globally. Some congenital heart disease (CHD) may predispose their sufferer to bronchopneumonia. Objective: To evaluate the contribution of CHD to pneumonia in children seen in a tertiary hospital. Methods: Over a year, consecutive children diagnosed radiologically with pneumonia were evaluated echocardiographically for CHD. Certain characteristics in children with pneumonia and CHD were compared to those without CHD. Results: There were 121 children with pneumonia of which 61(50.40%) were males and their mean age was 10.2 ± 10.93 months. The prevalence of CHD was 14(11.57%), the commonest CHD was ventricular septal defect (VSD) in 7(50.00%). Most of the CHD with septal defect had moderate to large defects. Children with CHD were 3 and 256 times more likely to have heart failure and murmur respectively compared to those without CHD, p = 0.084 and <0.0001. Children with CHD stayed longer in the hospital 11.50 ± 7.03 days than those without CHD 7.38 ± 5.34 days, p = 0.012. Conclusion:The children with CHD were more likely to have heart failure and murmur compared to those without CHD. Prevalence of CHD in children with pneumonia in this study is high, evaluation of children with pneumonia for CHD is therefore recommended.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Underlying congenital heart disease in Nigerian children with pneumonia

Sadoh¹,

Osarogiagbon²

2013

Afr H. Sci.

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“…typically income, consumption or spending [7], which enters the denominator. The simplest approach is to use total income in the denominator [8,9]. The problem with this strategy is that it may lead to the underestimation of the extent of COOPEs, as it does not take into account other basic needs (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An additional complication is that the definition of out-of-pocket expenditures may vary between studies, and may [8,16-18] or may not [9,19,20] include spending on indirect items such as cost of travel, employment-related losses, or caretaker burden. As those cost elements are usually not covered by health insurance, they may need to be considered as part of OOPEs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is considerable heterogeneity between studies in sample sizes, ranging from very small (e.g., 32 families living in one country [8], or 34 patients with chronic conditions- in another [25]), to much larger ones (121,051 individuals living in 35 countries [26], or 39,060 people living in one country [9]). In some studies, sampling was done on the household level [11,27], while in others (e.g., [17]) on the individual level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The prevalence and determinants of catastrophic health expenditures attributable to non-communicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries: a methodological commentary

Goryakin

Suhrcke

2014

Int J Equity Health

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BackgroundNon-communicable diseases (NCDs), while traditionally considered a “rich world”-problem, have been spreading fast in low and middle income countries and by now account for a large share of mortality and ill-health in these countries, too. In addition to the disease burden, NCDs may also impose a substantial economic cost. One way in which NCDs might impact people’s economic well-being may be via the out-of-pocket expenditures required to cover treatment and other costs associated with suffering from an NCD.MethodsIn this commentary, we identify and discuss the methodological challenges related to cross-country comparison of-out-of-pocket and catastrophic out-of-pocket health care expenditures, attributable to NCDs, focussing on low and middle income countries.ResultsThere is significant evidence of substantial cost burden placed by NCDs on patients living in low and middle income countries, with most of it being heavily concentrated among low socioeconomic status groups. However, a large variation in definition of COOPE between studies prevents cross-country comparison. In addition, as most studies tend to be observational, causal inferences are often not possible. This is further complicated by the cross-sectional nature of studies, small sample sizes, and/or limited duration of follow-up of patients. Most evidence for certain conditions (e.g., cancer) tends to be collected in high-income countries only.ConclusionsThe definitions for COOPEs should be standardized as much as possible, to enable comparison of COOPE prevalence between countries. Prospective study design using larger samples representative of broader sections of local population, collecting better data on both direct and indirect treatment costs is also needed.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12939-014-0107-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Recurrent antibiotic treatment amongst other medicines is also required. The cost of these medicines has been shown to be a cause of socioeconomic burden to their parents 15 . This study was undertaken to evaluate the serum zinc level in children with CHD compared to age and sex matched controls without CHD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum zinc values in children with congenital heart disease

Sadoh¹,

Ae²

2013

Afr H. Sci.

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Background: Some children with congenital heart diseases (CHD) may have increased pulmonary blood flow that causes recurrent bronchopneumonia and congestive heart failure. Serum zinc is reduced in children with pneumonia and patients on diuretics. Objective: To evaluate the serum zinc level of children with CHD and their controls without CHD. Method: The subjects were 41 children with CHD confirmed on echocardiography recruited from a paediatric cardiology clinic in a tertiary centre in Nigeria. The controls were 41 children without CHD. Biodata and anthropometric measurements were taken. The serum zinc was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer method. Result: The mean difference in the serum zinc of the subjects 101.3 ± 21.6µg/dl and controls 106.5 ± 18.3µg/dl, was not significant, p = 0.351.The subjects with pneumonia had a lower mean serum zinc value 89.5 ± 15.0µg/dl compared to those without pneumonia 103.9 ± 22.2µg/dl, p = 0.006. The mean serum zinc values of the subjects on diuretic was not statistically different from those not on diuretic, p = 0.599. Conclusion:The serum zinc levels of the subjects and controls were not significantly different. Children with CHD and pneumonia had significantly lower zinc level compared to those without pneumonia.

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The cost of out-patient management of chronic heart failure in children with congenital heart disease

Cited by 30 publications

References 7 publications

Underlying congenital heart disease in Nigerian children with pneumonia

Underlying congenital heart disease in Nigerian children with pneumonia

The prevalence and determinants of catastrophic health expenditures attributable to non-communicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries: a methodological commentary

Serum zinc values in children with congenital heart disease

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