The cost, coverage and rollout implications of 5G infrastructure in Britain

IoT’s Tiny Steps towards 5G: Telco’s Perspective

“…Even now, existing IoT applications accelerate the growth rate of traffic driven by less predictable activities which require new strategies towards 5G networks. These networks will be the key enabler for IoT applications by providing a unified infrastructure capable of meeting the high variability of their performance requirements [8,16]. Various stakeholders have recently described what 5G networks may be and grouped the major types of 5G services into three different classes: (1) xMBB-Requiring extremely high data rates and low-latency communication; (2) mMTC-Requiring scalable connectivity for an extremely large number of devices; and (3) uMTC-Requiring ultra-reliable low-latency and resilient communication [198].…”

“…It is contemplated in two ways: (1) peak data rate-defined as the maximum achievable data rate by the user; and (2) minimum guaranteed user data rate-defined as the minimum experience data rate by the user [16]. New mobile technologies are primarily driven by users' needs for higher data rates, as discussed in [8,16,99,215,216]. The expected values in 5G networks are 10 Gbps for minimum peak data rate and 100 Mbps as minimum guaranteed user data rate [5].…”

“…Mobility is defined as relative velocity between the receiver and the transmitter [16]. The applications of IoT pose very diverse requirements for mobility in 5G networks, which range from static to high mobile, even up to 500 km/h [16,102,207].…”

“…The applications of IoT pose very diverse requirements for mobility in 5G networks, which range from static to high mobile, even up to 500 km/h [16,102,207]. Use cases in which except ultra-high mobility, ultra-high traffic volume density, and ultra-high connection density are needed may be quite challenging for 5G networks [215], like V2X communication [5].…”

“…5G networks should enable "zero latency" [103] represented by the millisecond level of E2E latency [16,26,27,213] through significant enhancements and new technology in architecture aspects [6,28,214], such as device-to-device (D2D) communication [5]. The IoT applications associated with uMTC monitoring and managing/controlling activities require low latency, as they tend to be real time.…”