The cost burden of multiple sclerosis in the United States: a systematic review of the literature

Adelman, Gabriel; Rane, Stanley G; Villa, Kathleen F.

doi:10.3111/13696998.2013.778268

Cited by 181 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…1 The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health-care system treats approximately 16,000 veterans with MS each year. 2 MS is a chronic disease that results in an annual cost burden of $8500 to $54,000 per patient in the United States, much of it from complications secondary to MS. 3,4 Two recent studies have demonstrated an increased risk of infection-related hospitalizations and infectionrelated mortality in patients with MS compared with those without MS in Sweden and the United Kingdom. 5,6 The objective of this study was to examine the risk of hospitalization and death due to infections in patients with and without MS in a cohort of US veterans.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Sclerosis and Risk of Infection-Related Hospitalization and Death in US Veterans

Nelson¹,

Xie²,

DuVall³

et al. 2015

International Journal of MS Care

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Background: This study estimated the risk of infection-related hospitalizations and death in patients with and without multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: We identified adults with MS in the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) system between 1999 and 2010. Each veteran with MS was matched, on age and sex, with up to four veterans without MS. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were performed to assess the influence of MS on the development of serious and fatal infections. Results: The cohort included 7743 veterans with MS and 30,972 veterans without MS. Mean (SD) age was 53.8 (13.3) years, and 80.8% were male. The incidence per 1000 person-years of overall serious infections was 19.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.6–20.8) for those with MS and 10.3 (95% CI, 9.8–10.9) for those without MS. Fatal infection incidence rates were 1.2 (95% CI, 0.8–1.7) for patients with MS and 0.5 (95% CI, 0.3–0.6) for patients without MS. Regression models showed that veterans with MS were at greater risk for overall serious (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.52, P < .01) and fatal (HR = 1.85, P = .03) infections and serious respiratory (HR = 1.31, P = .01), urinary tract (HR = 4.44, P < .01), and sepsis-related infections (HR = 2.56, P < .01). Conclusions: This study provides evidence that VA patients with MS are more likely than those without MS to be hospitalized and die of infection.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Sclerosis and Risk of Infection-Related Hospitalization and Death in US Veterans

Nelson¹,

Xie²,

DuVall³

et al. 2015

International Journal of MS Care

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“…The financial burden accompanying MS is a central component of the disease experience, ranking second among all chronic conditions in direct costs behind congestive heart failure [3]. In addition to the impact of decreased productivity and unemployment [4][5][6], patients often shoulder the burden of high outof-pocket costs for medications, tests, MRIs, medical equipment, and inpatient/outpatient visits [3,7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Disease-Modifying Therapy Access Barriers on People With Multiple Sclerosis: Mixed-Methods Study (Preprint)

Simacek¹,

Ko²,

Moreton³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…Future studies examining interactions beyond HLA, such as the >110 non-MHC MS genetic variants 3 and obesity remain to be investigated, as do interactions between obesity and other established environmental factors, such as smoking and vitamin D level.…”

Section: Genetic and Environmental Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is characterized by the presence of inflammation, neurodegeneration, and demyelinating lesions of white and gray matter. Health care costs in the U.S. associated with MS range from $8,500 to upwards of $52,000 per patient year 3 . Both genetic and environmental factors have been implicated in MS etiology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and Multiple Sclerosis Susceptibility: A Review

Gianfrancesco¹,

Barcellos²

2016

J Neurol Neuromed

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Several studies conducted around the world over the last decade have demonstrated that early childhood and adolescent obesity are significant risk factors for MS susceptibility. This association has been largely confirmed in females, while evidence supporting a strong role for obesity and risk of MS in males has been mixed. Further, interaction between increased body mass index and genetic as well as environmental factors in MS susceptibility has been proposed, and evidence of a causal relationship has recently been established. In this review, we discuss findings supporting the significant association between obesity and MS, as well as identify areas for future investigation.

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The cost burden of multiple sclerosis in the United States: a systematic review of the literature

Abstract: MS is a costly chronic disease. Further research is needed to understand: costs by MS type, costs associated with increasing disability and early retirement, and the potential impact of new treatments expected to launch in coming years.

Cited by 181 publications

References 36 publications

Multiple Sclerosis and Risk of Infection-Related Hospitalization and Death in US Veterans

Multiple Sclerosis and Risk of Infection-Related Hospitalization and Death in US Veterans

The Impact of Disease-Modifying Therapy Access Barriers on People With Multiple Sclerosis: Mixed-Methods Study (Preprint)

Obesity and Multiple Sclerosis Susceptibility: A Review

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