The cost and frequency of hospitalization for fall-related injuries in older adults.

Alexander, Bruce H.; Rivara, Frederick P.; Wolf, Marsha E.

doi:10.2105/ajph.82.7.1020

Cited by 520 publications

(321 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

304

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…1 Loss of balance is a major etiology for falls in elderly persons, which can lead to additional morbidities and mortalities. [1][2][3] The mechanosensory hair cells in the inner ear are critical for mediating vestibular and auditory functions. Hair cells have stereocilia bundles on their apical surfaces, which detect incoming auditory and vestibular stimuli that include gravity, rotational movement, and linear acceleration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Therapy Restores Balance and Auditory Functions in a Mouse Model of Usher Syndrome

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Therapy Restores Balance and Auditory Functions in a Mouse Model of Usher Syndrome

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Among injuries of the elderly, 70 % are related to falling [35] and the severity of the injuries increases with age [36]. Advanced age, number of underlying diseases, motor paralysis, impaired vision, decreased muscle strength, body imbalance, and history of falling have been reported as risk factors for fall [9,34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of spinal sagittal alignment, body balance, muscle strength, and physical ability on falling of middle-aged and elderly males

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective Risk factors for falling in elderly people remain uncertain, and the effects of spinal factors and physical ability on body balance and falling have not been examined. The objective of this study was to investigate how factors such as spinal sagittal alignment, spinal range of motion, body balance, muscle strength, and gait speed influence falling in the prospective cohort study. Methods The subjects were 100 males who underwent a basic health checkup. Balance, SpinalMouse Ò data, grip strength, back muscle strength, 10-m gait time, lumbar lateral standing radiographs, body mass index, and fall history over the previous year were examined. Platform measurements of balance included the distance of movement of the center of pressure (COP) per second (LNG/TIME), the envelopment area traced by movement of the COP (E AREA), and the LNG/E AREA ratio. The thoracic/lumbar angle ratio (T/L ratio) and sagittal vertical axis (SVA) were used as an index of sagittal balance. Results LNG/TIME and E AREA showed significant positive correlations with age, T/L ratio, SVA, and 10-m gait time; and significant negative correlations with lumbar lordosis angle, sacral inclination angle, grip strength and back muscle strength. Multiple regression analysis showed significant differences for LNG/TIME and E AREA with T/L ratio, SVA, lumbar lordosis angle and sacral inclination angle (R 2 = 0.399). Twelve subjects (12 %) had experienced a fall over the past year. Age, T/L ratio, SVA, lumbar lordosis angle, sacral inclination angle, grip strength, back muscle strength, 10-m gait time, height of the intervertebral disc, osteophyte formation in radiographs and LNG/E AREA differed significantly between fallers and non-fallers. The group with SVA [ 40 mm (n = 18) had a significant higher number of subjects with a single fall (6 single fallers/18: p = 0.0075) and with multiple falls (4 multiple fallers/18: p = 0.0095). Conclusion Good spinal sagittal alignment, muscle strength and 10-m gait speed improve body balance and reduce the risk of fall. Muscle strength and physical ability are also important for spinal sagittal alignment. Body balance training, improvement of physical abilities including muscle training, and maintenance of spinal sagittal alignment can lead to prevention of fall.

show abstract

“…In addition, falls have a critical influence on an individual's health status especially in elderly adults, with approximately 81 -98% of hip fractures caused by falls [2]. Furthermore, this risk of a falling increases with age [3,4]. The main associated costs therefore tend to occur in higher age groups and in the wake of fractures [1], a problem that is further exacerbated by the increasing proportion of elderly.…”

Section: Importance Of Fallsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinematic measures for assessing gait stability in elderly individuals: a systematic review

Hamacher

Singh

Dieën

et al. 2011

J. R. Soc. Interface.

324

281

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Falls not only present a considerable health threat, but the resulting treatment and loss of working days also place a heavy economic burden on society. Gait instability is a major fall risk factor, particularly in geriatric patients, and walking is one of the most frequent dynamic activities of daily living. To allow preventive strategies to become effective, it is therefore imperative to identify individuals with an unstable gait. Assessment of dynamic stability and gait variability via biomechanical measures of foot kinematics provides a viable option for quantitative evaluation of gait stability, but the ability of these methods to predict falls has generally not been assessed. Although various methods for assessing gait stability exist, their sensitivity and applicability in a clinical setting, as well as their cost-effectiveness, need verification. The objective of this systematic review was therefore to evaluate the sensitivity of biomechanical measures that quantify gait stability among elderly individuals and to evaluate the cost of measurement instrumentation required for application in a clinical setting. To assess gait stability, a comparative effect size (Cohen's d ) analysis of variability and dynamic stability of foot trajectories during level walking was performed on 29 of an initial yield of 9889 articles from four electronic databases. The results of this survey demonstrate that linear variability of temporal measures of swing and stance was most capable of distinguishing between fallers and non-fallers, whereas step width and stride velocity prove more capable of discriminating between old versus young (OY) adults. In addition, while orbital stability measures (Floquet multipliers) applied to gait have been shown to distinguish between both elderly fallers and non-fallers as well as between young and old adults, local stability measures (ls) have been able to distinguish between young and old adults. Both linear and nonlinear measures of foot time series during gait seem to hold predictive ability in distinguishing healthy from fall-prone elderly adults. In conclusion, biomechanical measurements offer promise for identifying individuals at risk of falling and can be obtained with relatively low-cost tools. Incorporation of the most promising measures in combined retrospective and prospective studies for understanding fall risk and designing preventive strategies is warranted.

show abstract

The cost and frequency of hospitalization for fall-related injuries in older adults.

Cited by 520 publications

References 15 publications

Gene Therapy Restores Balance and Auditory Functions in a Mouse Model of Usher Syndrome

Gene Therapy Restores Balance and Auditory Functions in a Mouse Model of Usher Syndrome

Influence of spinal sagittal alignment, body balance, muscle strength, and physical ability on falling of middle-aged and elderly males

Kinematic measures for assessing gait stability in elderly individuals: a systematic review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About