The cosmic ray energy spectrum measured with the new Tibet hybrid experiment

Amenomori, M.; Bi, X. J.; Chen, D.; Chen, T. L.; Chen, Wen-Yun; Cui, S. W.; Danzengluobu,; Ding, L. K.; Feng, C.; Feng, Z.; Feng, Z. Y.; Gou, Q. B.; Guo, Y. Q.; He, H. H.; He, Ze; Hibino, K.; Hotta, N.; Hu, Haibing; Hu, Hongbo; Huang, J.; Jia, H. Y.; Jiang, L.; Kajino, F.; Kasahara, K.; Katayose, Y.; Kato, C.; Kawata, K.; Kozai, M.; Labaciren,; Le, G. M.; Li, A. F.; Li, H. J.; Li, W. J.; Lin, Yu-Hui; Liu, C.; Liu, J. S.; Liu, M. Y.; Lü, H.; Meng, X. R.; Miyazaki, Tetsuya; Munakata, K.; Nakajima, T.; Nakamura, Yuya; Nanjo, H.; Nakamura, Masaki; Niwa, T.; Ohnishi, M.; Ohta, I.; Ozawa, S.; Qian, X. L.; Qu, X. B.; Saito, T.; Saito, T.; Sakata, M.; Sako, Takashi; Shao, J.; Shibata, M.; Shirai, T.; Sugimoto, H.; Takita, M.; Tan, Y. H.; Tateyama, N.; Torii, Shoji; Tsuchiya, H.; Udo, S.; Wang, H.; Wu, H. R.; Xue, L.; Yamamoto, Y.; Yamauchi, K.; Yang, Z.; Yuan, A. F.; Zhai, L. M.; Zhang, H. M.; Zhang, J. L.; Zhang, X. Y.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Yi; Zhang, Ying; Zhaxisangzhu,; Zhou, X. X.

doi:10.1051/epjconf/201920803001

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…We also see that our result is in agreement with ATIC-2 and NUCLEON within systematic uncertainties, but it seems to be above DAMPE (at low energies) and CREAM data. The HAWC spectrum is also above the ARGO-YBJ [4] and TIBET AS−γ [33] measurements, but in agreement with EAS-TOP data [5].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

A measurement of the proton plus helium spectrum of cosmic rays in the TeV region with HAWC

Arteaga-Velázquez

2023

SciPost Phys. Proc.

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HAWC is an air-shower detector designed to study TeV gamma and cosmic rays. The observatory is composed of a 22000 m^2m2 array of 300 water Cherenkov tanks (4.5 m deep x 7.3 m diameter) with 4 photomultipliers (PMT) each. The instrument registers the number of hit PMTs, the timing information and the total charge at the PMTs during the event. From these data, shower observables such as the arrival direction, the core position at ground, the lateral age and the primary energy are estimated. In this work, we study the distribution of the shower age vs the primary energy of a sample of shower data collected by HAWC from June 2015 to June 2019 and employ a shower-age cut based on predictions of QGSJET-II-04 to separate a subsample of events dominated by H and He primaries. Using these data and a dedicated analysis, we reconstruct the cosmic ray spectrum of H+He from 6 to 158 TeV, which shows the presence of a softening at around 24 TeV with a statistical significance of 4.1\sigmaσ.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

A measurement of the proton plus helium spectrum of cosmic rays in the TeV region with HAWC

Arteaga-Velázquez

2023

SciPost Phys. Proc.

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“…1(a) and 1(b) the flux of cosmic rays is shown with black markers. For simplicity, just the Tibet-AS data are shown [11]. The flux was scaled to the same solid angle of 1 • as the measured gamma-ray flux.…”

Section: Expected Fluxes and Required Separation Powermentioning

confidence: 99%

On the possibility to measure galactic photons at the altitude of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Maris¹,

González²

2023

Proceedings of 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2023)

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The presence of galactic sources displaying a power-law dependence in their gamma-ray fluxes has been recently reported by gamma-ray observatories such as LHAASO and HAWC. This exciting discovery, with a few sources showing no cutoff in their flux, has the potential to enable measurements of photon fluxes at energies even higher than 10 15 eV. To measure the tails of the energy spectra of these sources, we investigate the capabilities of a new dense array of water-Cherenkov detectors, the Project for Extreme PeVatron Sources (PEPS). To distinguish primary photons from the overwhelming cosmic-rays background, we investigate the performance of a detector that optically divides the water volume to separate the muonic component of air showers from the electromagnetic one. The expected sensitivity of these layered surface detectors, covering a 2 km 2 area at the site of the Pierre Auger Observatory, is presented. With the potential to make groundbreaking discoveries, such an array might represent a promising area of research in gammaray astronomy.

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“…2) It is worthwhile to note that there is no serious difference among the current interaction models on the particle production in the forward region at the knee energy region since all the models are well tuned using recent accelerator data including LHC [8,9]. Therefore, we can separate primary proton events from other nuclei almost independently of the used hadronic interaction models by using the Tibet hybrid experiment (YAC-II + Tibet-III) [10]. This is the key to successfully check the muon numbers in this work.…”

Section: Jinst 17 P06006mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…energy region since all the models are well tuned using recent accelerator data including LHC [8,9]. Therefore, we can separate primary proton events with high precision from other nuclei almost independently of the used hadronic interaction models [10]. At the same time, its accompanying 𝑁 𝜇 is simultaneously recorded.…”

Section: Jinst 17 P06006mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Monte Carlo study to check muon numbers in hadronic interaction models observed by the Tibet hybrid experiment (YAC-II + Tibet-III + MD)

Fang¹,

Huang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

J. Inst.

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The interpretation of the EAS data relies on the employment of hadronic interaction models, which are subject to theoretical and experimental uncertainties that may hamper composition studies of cosmic rays. To check the reliability of such models at the energies relevant for EAS studies, the predictions of the models can be compared with data from air shower observatories. In this regard, the study of the number of muons becomes extremely useful, since they are sensitive to the hadronic interactions that occur in the early phases of the EAS development. In the paper, we propose a Monte Carlo study to test the number of muons in hadronic interaction models by the hybrid experiment (YAC-II + Tibet-III + MD). For an air-shower event, the Tibet air-shower array (Tibet-III) provides the arrival direction and the air-shower size which are interrelated to primary energy, the Yangbajing Air shower Core detector (YAC-II) array measures the high energy electromagnetic particles in the very forward region so as to obtain the characteristic parameters of air-shower cores, at the same time, the underground MDs record the number of high-energy muons above 1 GeV. Since we can select proton events with high accuracy by YAC-II almost independently of the hadronic interaction models, the accompanying number of muons induced by proton events can be fed out. With the unique settle of YAC-II, our results show that the description of muon numbers in diﬀerent hadronic interaction models can be well systematics-checked to avoid the ambiguity of the primary cosmic-ray mass composition around the knee energy region by the Tibet hybrid experiment (YAC-II + Tibet-III + MD).

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The cosmic ray energy spectrum measured with the new Tibet hybrid experiment

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

A measurement of the proton plus helium spectrum of cosmic rays in the TeV region with HAWC

A measurement of the proton plus helium spectrum of cosmic rays in the TeV region with HAWC

On the possibility to measure galactic photons at the altitude of the Pierre Auger Observatory

A Monte Carlo study to check muon numbers in hadronic interaction models observed by the Tibet hybrid experiment (YAC-II + Tibet-III + MD)

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