The cosmic-ray energy spectrum above 10<sup>17</sup>eV

Winn, M. M.; Ulrichs, J.; Peak, L.S.; McCusker, C. B. A.; Horton, L.

doi:10.1088/0305-4616/12/7/015

Cited by 120 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…problems with the Yakutsk data collection. More recently, fingerprints of super-GZK CRs have been found [46] by reanalyzing the SUGAR data [16]. However, as one can see in Fig.…”

Section: Propagation Of Crs In a Magnetized Neighborhood Of The Galaxymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…To account for the largest neutron energies, it may be necessary to populate the heavier nucleus spectrum in the region above the ankle. 16 This is not a problem -one fully expects the emerging harder extragalactic spectrum to overtake and hide 15 The photoabsorption cross section roughly obeys the Thomas-Reiche-Kuhn sume rule, i.e., Σ d = 60N Z/A mb-MeV [110]. 16 To produce the highest energy neutrons (with energy 10 18.2 eV) via photodisintegration of medium mass (say, A = 10 − 20) nuclei, one needs primary particles with energies 10 19.2 eV.…”

Section: Uhecrs From a Pulsar In Cygnus Ob2?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Astrophysical origins of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays

2004

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In the first part of this review we discuss the basic observational features at the end of the cosmic ray energy spectrum. We also present there the main characteristics of each of the experiments involved in the detection of these particles. We then briefly discuss the status of the chemical composition and the distribution of arrival directions of cosmic rays. After that, we examine the energy losses during propagation, introducing the Greisen-Zaptsepin-Kuzmin (GZK) cutoff, and discuss the level of confidence with which each experiment have detected particles beyond the GZK energy limit. In the second part of the review, we discuss astrophysical environments able to accelerate particles up to such high energies, including active galactic nuclei, large scale galactic wind termination shocks, relativistic jets and hot-spots of Fanaroff-Riley radiogalaxies, pulsars, magnetars, quasar remnants, starbursts, colliding galaxies, and gamma ray burst fireballs. In the third part of the review we provide a brief summary of scenarios which try to explain the super-GZK events with the help of new physics beyond the standard model. In the last section, we give an overview on neutrino telescopes and existing limits on the energy spectrum and discuss some of the prospects for a new (multi-particle) astronomy. Finally, we outline how extraterrestrial neutrino fluxes can be used to probe new physics beyond the electroweak scale. Solicited Review Article Prepared for Reports on Progress in Physics 1 PREFACEReviewing cosmic ray physics is a risky business. Theoretical models continue to appear at an amazing rate, both in the astrophysical and more exotic domains. We warn the reader: we do not (nor we could) intend to make an homogeneous coverage of all the ideas of our fellow colleagues. Reading differently focused reviews on the issue (quoted here along the way) is, in our view, the best approach to such a wide topic of research.2 Contents

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“…problems with the Yakutsk data collection. More recently, fingerprints of super-GZK CRs have been found [46] by reanalyzing the SUGAR data [16]. However, as one can see in Fig.…”

Section: Propagation Of Crs In a Magnetized Neighborhood Of The Galaxymentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Uhecrs From a Pulsar In Cygnus Ob2?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Astrophysical origins of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays

2004

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“…In our analysis, we closely follow the approach reported in [1], using a similar dataset extracted from available publications or talks of the AGASA [8], Yakutsk [9], SUGAR [10], and HiRes collaborations [11,12]. In particular, in order to match the flux normalization of HiRes, the energies of the AGASA data must be rescaled downwards by ∼ 30%, while the energies of Yakutsk and SUGAR data by ∼ 50%.…”

Section: Uhecr Clustering On Medium Scales and Lssmentioning

confidence: 99%

First hints of large scale structures in the ultrahigh energy sky?

2006

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The result of the recent publication [1] of a broad maximum around 25 degrees in the two-point autocorrelation function of ultra-high energy cosmic ray arrival directions has been intriguingly interpreted as the first imprint of the large scale structures (LSS) of baryonic matter in the near universe. We analyze this suggestion in light of the clustering properties expected from the PSCz astronomical catalogue of LSS. The chance probability of the signal is consistent within 2 σ with the predictions based on the catalogue. No evidence for a significant cross-correlation of the observed events with known overdensities in the LSS is found, which may be due to the role of the galactic and extragalactic magnetic fields, and is however consistent with the limited statistics. The larger statistics to be collected by the Pierre Auger Observatory is needed to answer definitely the question.PACS numbers: 98.70.Sa

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“…The Sydney University Giant Air Shower Recorder (SUGAR; Winn et al 1986), apart from having a creative acronym, was notable and important in pioneering the start of a new era of cosmic ray study. Like the huge PAO (Section 11), with an enclosed area of 70 km 2 , SUGAR's design recognized that the flux of cosmic rays at the highest energies is so low that its ground detectors required large separations and could not realistically be connected by cable to their direct neighbours.…”

Section: Sydney University Giant Air Shower Recordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Centaurus A at Ultra-High Energies

Clay

Whelan

Edwards

2010

Publ. – Astron. Soc. Aust

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Abstract:We review the importance of Centaurus A in high-energy astrophysics as a nearby object with many of the properties expected of a major source of very high-energy cosmic rays and gamma rays. We examine observational techniques and the results so far obtained in the energy range from 200 GeV to above 100 EeV and attempt to fit those data to expectations of Centaurus A as an astrophysical source from very high to ultra-high energies.

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The cosmic-ray energy spectrum above 10¹⁷eV

Cited by 120 publications

References 17 publications

Astrophysical origins of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays

Astrophysical origins of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays

First hints of large scale structures in the ultrahigh energy sky?

Centaurus A at Ultra-High Energies

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The cosmic-ray energy spectrum above 1017eV

Cited by 120 publications

References 17 publications

Astrophysical origins of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays

Astrophysical origins of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays

First hints of large scale structures in the ultrahigh energy sky?

Centaurus A at Ultra-High Energies

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Product

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The cosmic-ray energy spectrum above 10¹⁷eV