“…To date, most of the space environment's exploration activities rely on in-orbit satellites, including low-orbit (e.g., the International Space Station [1,2], China's space station [3,4], the NOAA/POES satellite [5,6], FengYun-3 [7,8]) and medium/high-orbit satellites (e.g., NOAA/GOES [9,10], Feng Yun-4 [11,12]), and the monitored parameters comprise solar activity, charged particles, the upper atmosphere, surface potential, radiation dose, radiation effects, and single-event effects (SEEs). The detection results provide a preliminary understanding of the state of the space environment in each orbit [13,14], which can play an important role in the in-orbit operational control management and fault analysis of spacecraft.…”