The correlation between quantitative T2′ and regional cerebral blood flow after acute brain ischemia in early reperfusion as demonstrated in a middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion model of the rat

Jensen, Ulf; Liu, Jian-Ren; Eschenfelder, Christoph; Meyne, Johannes; Zhao, Yi; Deuschl, Günther; Jansen, Olav; Ulmer, Stephan

doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.11.023

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Changes in the BOLD effect are global, and are dependent on the oxygen consumption rate of tissue, blood volume, and washout of metabolites. Several reports and reviews of the clinical applications of SWI have suggested that it may be able to show increased oxygen extraction in regions of infarction or tissue hypoxemia [6,13,14,15,16]. Recently, several studies reported the presence of hypointense and enlarged vessels (CVS) in GRE sequences within acute ischemic territories due to major artery occlusion, and this was attributed to the BOLD effect secondary to elevated deoxyhemoglobin [1,2,3,4,8,9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in Cortical Vessel Signs on Susceptibility-Weighted Images after Full Recanalization in Hyperacute Ischemic Stroke

Baik

Choi

et al. 2012

Cerebrovasc Dis

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Background: The cortical vessel signs (CVSs) on susceptibility-weighted images (SWIs) have been reported in patients with hyperacute ischemic stroke. We evaluated the change of this susceptibility sign on the immediate SWI after full recanalization and its clinical implications. Methods: Nineteen hyperacute ischemic stroke patients who had acute large artery occlusion and underwent post-recanalization SWI were enrolled in this study. The patients had ICA (internal carotid artery, 2 cases), M1 (M1 segment of middle cerebral artery, 7 cases), M2 (M2 segment of middle cerebral artery, 1 cases), T (intracranial ICA bifurcation, 2 cases), ICA/M1 (4 cases) and basilar artery (3 cases) occlusion on imaging studies before thrombolysis and they underwent immediate magnetic resonance imaging, including the SWI, after full recanalization. The recanalization status was evaluated using the thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) scorebefore and after thrombolysis. The SWI images were evaluated for the presence of asymmetry of veins over the ischemic territory and this was correlated with the site of stenosis or occlusion. The veins in the ischemic territory were classified as ‘prominent’ if there were more numerous veins and/or large veins with a greater signal loss observed compared with the opposite normal hemisphere, ‘equal’ if there were no significant difference in appearance in both the cerebral hemispheres, and ‘less’ if the veins were decreased in the affected area as compared with that of the normal cortex. Baseline clinical parameters and clinical outcomes were reviewed. Results: The initial TICI grades were 0 in all cases. After thrombolysis, TICI grades were 3 in all cases. The pre-recanalization SWIs were obtained in 10 of 19 patients and all 10 showed prominent CVSs over the affected side, which disappeared on the post-recanalization SWI. On the post-recanalization SWI, the observed veins in the affected area were equal (10/19), less (5/19), and both equal and less (4/19). Patients with equal cortical veins in the affected area had small lesions on diffusion-weighted image (DWI) (10/19), while patients with less cortical veins had medium to large lesions on DWI (9/19). Conclusion: The prominent CVSson SWI can be indicative of acute thromboembolic occlusion and its change immediately after recanalization can be used to reflect the metabolic status. After recanalization, the appearance of the equal CVS (return to normal) on SWI was associated with a favorable clinical outcome and infarction was avoided in our small series study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in Cortical Vessel Signs on Susceptibility-Weighted Images after Full Recanalization in Hyperacute Ischemic Stroke

Baik

Choi

et al. 2012

Cerebrovasc Dis

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“…BOLD MR T2′ imaging is thought to reflect the response of tissue metabolism to that perfusion deficit with increased local deoxy-Hb used as an indicator of increased OEF. Several studies confirmed the additional values of T2′ map in predicting the real penumbra [12, 14, 15]. In this study, we used R2′ to describe changes of local deoxy-Hb.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…The use of R2′ is reasonable because it is isolated from the influences of deoxy-Hb on T2* values and water content on T2 values. Several studies have used T2′ to predict lesion growth in acute ischemic stroke and demonstrated that it is sensitive to local content of deoxy-Hb [12, 14, 15]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood‐Oxygenation‐Level‐Dependent‐(BOLD‐) Based R2′ MRI Study in Monkey Model of Reversible Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion

Zhang

Chen

Zhang

2011

BioMed Research International

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Objective. To investigate the value of BOLD-based reversible transverse relaxation rate (R2′) MRI in detecting ischemic penumbra (IP) in a monkey model of reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and time evolution of relative R2′ (rR2′) in infarcted core, IP, and oligemia. Materials and Methods. 6 monkeys were used to make MCAO by the microcatheter method. MR scans were performed at 0 h (1 h after MCAO), 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h after reperfusion. R2′ was calculated using quantitative T2 and T2* maps. Ischemic area was subdivided into infracted core, IP and oligemia. rR2′ was calculated respectively. Results. Reversible MCAO model for 4/6 monkeys was made successfully. rR2′ values were significantly different at each time point, being highest in oligemia followed by IP and infarcted core (P < .05). With reperfusion time evolution, rR2′ in infarcted core showed a decreased trend: sharply decreased within 6 hours and maintained at 0 during 6–48 hours (P < .05). rR2′ values in IP and oligemia showed similar increased trend: sharply increased within 6 hours, maintained a plateau during 6–24 hours, and slightly increased until 48 hours. Conclusion. BOLD-based R2′ MRI can be used to describe changes of cerebral oxygen extract in acute ischemic stroke, and it can provide additional information in detecting IP. The time evolution rR2′ in infarcted core, IP, and oligemia is in accordance with the underlying pathophysiology.

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“…Eleven experimental studies have used T2* with breathing challenge [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] (online-only Data Supplement Table III). During anoxic challenge, image intensity in T2*-weighted images significantly dropped in the core, penumbra, and healthy tissue, but these changes could not clearly differentiate these tissue types without the information from diffusion-weighted imaging.…”

Section: T2* With Breathing Challengementioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen Imaging by MRI

Jensen‐Kondering

Baron

2012

Stroke

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The correlation between quantitative T2′ and regional cerebral blood flow after acute brain ischemia in early reperfusion as demonstrated in a middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion model of the rat

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

Change in Cortical Vessel Signs on Susceptibility-Weighted Images after Full Recanalization in Hyperacute Ischemic Stroke

Change in Cortical Vessel Signs on Susceptibility-Weighted Images after Full Recanalization in Hyperacute Ischemic Stroke

Blood‐Oxygenation‐Level‐Dependent‐(BOLD‐) Based R2′ MRI Study in Monkey Model of Reversible Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion

Oxygen Imaging by MRI

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