“…In this regard, ophthalmologists should remember the following important points: -a complete anamnesis should include [14,44]: past medical history (e.g., vasculopathy risk factors); recent surgical history; social history (e.g., smoking); medications (e.g., amiodarone, PDE-5i); and the presence of symptoms of OSAS and giant cell arteritis, such as daytime sleepiness, pain, mandibular claudication, etc. ; -invite all NA-AION patients to undergo a complete multidisciplinary evaluation by an inter-professional team, including internists, endocrinologists, neurologists, and pulmonologists to identify and likely control modifiable risk factors such as systemic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and OSAS; -request all NA-AION patients to stop smoking, reduce weight, and do physical exercise to reduce the risk of vascular diseases that are linked to NA-AION development [14,58,62]; -avoid nocturnal arterial hypotension, which has been demonstrated to be an important predisposing risk factor for NA-AION. In this regard, avoidance of the assumption of anti-hypertensive drugs in the evening or at bedtime could be important [11]; -ask NA-AION patients to avoid sleeping in the lateral decubitus position, in particular from the site of the affected eye [51]; -suggest ocular hypotensive treatments in the presence of borderline or high IOP values to improve ONH blood flow; -use caution in prescribing treatment with intravitreal injections in NA-AION patients, because the sudden IOP increase after the intravitreal injection could impair OD circulation and predispose to progressive VA loss in the affected eye, or the development of NA-AION in the fellow eye [79]; -ask all male patients developing an NA-AION about the use of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDI5i); moreover, before the prescription of PDI5i, patients should undergo an ophthalmological examination and, especially in the presence of a crowded OD, be informed about the risk of developing an NA-AION by using the drugs and eventually discouraged to take PDE5i.…”