The Correlation Between Heart Failure and Gut Microbiome Metabolites

Chen, Lina; Li, Senhao; Ai, Lanmu; Zhou, Jun; Huang, Junhai; Xu, Feng; Zeng, Xia; Jia, Han; Yin, Fangxue; Zhu, Yixin; Xie, Yifang

doi:10.1097/im9.0000000000000042

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Heart failure is a chronic and progressive disease caused by abnormal changes in cardiac structure and function [ 304 ]. There is a growing body of scientific evidence supporting the role of the gut in the development of heart failure, the so-called “gut hypothesis of heart failure.” This hypothesis states that decreased cardiac output and increased systemic congestion may cause ischemia and edema of the intestinal mucosa, leading to increased bacterial translocation and an increase in circulating endotoxins, which may contribute to the underlying inflammation observed in patients with heart failure [ 305 ].…”

Section: Microbiota–gut–heart Axis (Mgh)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Probiotics: Protecting Our Health from the Gut

et al. 2022

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The gut microbiota (GM) comprises billions of microorganisms in the human gastrointestinal tract. This microbial community exerts numerous physiological functions. Prominent among these functions is the effect on host immunity through the uptake of nutrients that strengthen intestinal cells and cells involved in the immune response. The physiological functions of the GM are not limited to the gut, but bidirectional interactions between the gut microbiota and various extraintestinal organs have been identified. These interactions have been termed interorganic axes by several authors, among which the gut–brain, gut–skin, gut–lung, gut–heart, and gut–metabolism axes stand out. It has been shown that an organism is healthy or in homeostasis when the GM is in balance. However, altered GM or dysbiosis represents a critical factor in the pathogenesis of many local and systemic diseases. Therefore, probiotics intervene in this context, which, according to various published studies, allows balance to be maintained in the GM, leading to an individual’s good health.

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Section: Microbiota–gut–heart Axis (Mgh)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Heart Failurementioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics: Protecting Our Health from the Gut

et al. 2022

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“…HF is marked by the heart's inability to effectively pump enough blood to fulfil the body's need for nutrients and oxygen. The bleak outlook associated with it leads to elevated rates of hospitalization and mortality [3,4]. Hence, early detection and preventive measures are crucial for enhancing the outlook of individuals suffering from HF [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolites in Patients with Heart Failure

Cienkowski,

Cienkowska,

Kupczynska

et al. 2024

Biomedicines

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Heart failure (HF) is a significant health concern; early detection and prevention are crucial. Recent studies suggest that the gut microbiota and its metabolites may influence HF development and risk factors. We explored this relationship by examining changes in gut microbiota composition and metabolite levels in HF patients. HF patients often exhibit decreased alpha and beta diversity compared to controls, suggesting lower bacterial richness and community variation. Changes in specific bacterial phyla were observed, with decreases in Firmicutes (e.g., Ruminococcus) and Bacteroidetes (e.g., Prevotella) and increases in Proteobacteria (e.g., Escherichia, Shigella, and Klebsiella) and Actinobacteria. Gut-microbiota-related metabolites have been identified, potentially affecting various body systems, including the cardiovascular system. Among these are short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), betaine, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), phenylalanine, tryptophan–kynurenine, and phenylacetylgutamine (PAGIn). Although SCFAs positively affect our organisms, patients with HF have been observed to experience a decline in bacteria responsible for producing these chemical compounds. There have been indications of possible links between betaine, TMAO, phenylalanine, tryptophan–kynurenine, PAGIn, and heart failure. TMAO and phenylalanine, in particular, show promise as potential prognostic factors. However, their clinical significance has not yet been thoroughly evaluated and requires further investigation.

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“… 1 , 2 An increasing amount of evidence suggests that the gut microbiome plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of HF. 3 Gut-wall permeability is increased in HF, due to gut edema and hypoperfusion of the bowel, which increases the risk of translocation of bacteria, or bacterial products such as lipopolysaccharides and trimethylamine (TMA), through the gut epithelial barrier. 4 , 5 TMA is a microbial metabolite derived from dietary choline and carnitine that, after absorption, is transformed to TMA-N-oxide (TMAO).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%