The correlation between dietary fat quality indices and lipid profile with Atherogenic index of plasma in obese and non-obese volunteers: a cross-sectional descriptive-analytic case-control study

Abstract

Background and aim Abnormalities in lipid metabolism are commonly observed in patients who were obese. Alongside dyslipidemia, one of the markers in predicting the risk of cardiovascular disease is the Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), which is related to dietary intake. Healthy fat quality indices might affect on AIP. The purpose of this study is to find the possible relationship between dietary fat quality, and AIP and comparison of these indices among obese and non-obese volunteers. Methods This study was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytic case-control study with 157 normal and overweight and obese volunteers (n = 71 normal, Age: 38.90 ± 10.976 vs n = 86 overweight/obese, Age: 38.60 ± 9.394) in the age range of 18–65 years. Food intake was measured using FFQ, anthropometric indices (weight, height, body mass index and waist to hip ratio), body composition (visceral fat level, total body water, body fat mass), and lipid profile were measured. Results Based on the present results, comparable biochemical parameters including TC (P = 0.580), TG (P = 0.362), LDL (P = 0.687) and HDL (P = 0.151) among overweight/obese volunteers as compared to normal ones were noticed. Effects of dietary fat quality, including Atherogenicity (AI) and Thrombogenicity (TI) hypo/hypercholesterolemic ratio (h/H), the Cholesterol-Saturated Fat Index (CSI) showed significantly higher AI (P = 0.012) in the overweight/obese group as compared to the normal group. Whereas, h/H (P = 0.034) and ω-6/ω-3 ratio (P = 0.004) were significantly higher in normal-weight volunteers. There was a positive correlation between AI, TI, CSI, SFA, MUFA, PUFA and ω-6/ω-3 ratio with AIP and negative correlation between h/H with AIP in both groups. Despite the significances of these correlations no strong relation was observed by doing multiple regression among normal and overweight/obese groups (R2 = 0.210, R2 = 0.387). Conclusions In summary, the present work proposes a direct relationship between dietary fat quality, increased BMI, and lipid abnormalities with AIP. Nevertheless, further large-scale studies are required to sustain a clear conclusion in this wish.

Visceral Adiposity Index and Atherogenic Index of Plasma as Useful Predictor of Cardiovascular Diseases Risk: Evidence From A Cohort Study in Iran

“…The mean of AIP and VAI in our study was somewhat higher than other studies [13,15,16], which could be due to the studied age group (35-65 years) and the high prevalence of obesity and overweight in participants. Moreover, mean VAI was higher in female participants compared to males; higher VAI was associated with higher prevalence of CVDs in both males ( rst tertile: 20% vs. third tertile: 39.71%) and females ( rst tertile: 5.98% vs. third tertile: 65.33%).…”

“…AIP is the best determinant for fractionated esteri cation rate of HDL-C and more useful than routine lipid markers. Previous research has shown that the average of these two indices is different in different populations; the mean of AIP is between 0.17 to 0.41 [13,15] and the mean of VAI is between 2.1 to 3.2 in Iranian populations [16][17][18]. The difference in the averages of these indexes indicates the need for further studies in different populations and ethnicities.…”

Effects of Grape Seed Oil Supplementation to Broilers Diets on Growth Performance, Meat Fatty Acids, Health Lipid Indices and Lipid Oxidation Parameters

“…Indices of atherogenicity (AI) and thrombogenicity (TI) and the ratio of hypo-and hyper-cholesterolemia (h/H) are health and nutritional lipid indices [53]. The results obtained in this study provide the overview for a nutritional assessment of fatty acids and their health-related lipid indices.…”

“…The results obtained in the present study show an increased TI value in the GSO1.5 group, but as the level of inclusion in the diet (GSO3) was increased, its value was no longer influenced, being comparable to that obtained in the GSO0 group. In addition to AI and IT indices, the hypo-and hyper-cholesterolemia ratio is an additional index that contributes to the evaluation of the effect that fatty acids have on cholesterol metabolism [53]. The decrease in h/H ratio value in the GSO1.5 group reflects the lower PUFA content in the thigh meat, compared to the GSO0 group.…”

Hesperidin and Naringin Improve Broiler Meat Fatty Acid Profile and Modulate the Expression of Genes Involved in Fatty Acid β-oxidation and Antioxidant Defense in a Dose Dependent Manner

“…In addition to individual FA categories, PUFA/SFA, n-6/n-3 ratios and the atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indices have been proposed to predict the combined effects of different dietary factors on cardiovascular diseases [ 31 ]. Furthermore, total SFA and AI in the diet have been found to be significantly correlated with the atherogenic index of the plasma [ 36 ], an important index for atherosclerosis risk [ 37 ]. Here, we report a significant and dose-dependent beneficial effect of hesperidin, naringin and vitamin E supplementation on AI and TI in the breast muscle.…”