The coronavirus global pandemic and its impacts on society

Corte, Valentina Della; Said, Mohamed Mohamed Tolba; Umachandran, Krishnan; Krishnamurthy, Sudhakar Kondal; Mohammed, Arifullah; Saravanan, P.; Gaudio, Giovanna Del; Adom, Dickson; Sawicki, B; Nevola, Giuliana; Hanchate, Dinesh Bhagwan

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85156-5.00037-7

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The emergence of SARS-CoV-2, a human coronavirus first detected in Wuhan (China) in 2019, has significantly impacted worldwide health, economic, and social landscapes [ 1 ]. Despite access to early viral sequences and the high interest of the scientific community, the precise chain of zoonotic transmissions leading to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 remains unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the emergence time of SARS-CoV-2 zoonotic spillover

Samson,

Lord,

Makarenkov

2024

PLoS ONE

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Understanding the evolution of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and its relationship to other coronaviruses in the wild is crucial for preventing future virus outbreaks. While the origin of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic remains uncertain, mounting evidence suggests the direct involvement of the bat and pangolin coronaviruses in the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 genome. To unravel the early days of a probable zoonotic spillover event, we analyzed genomic data from various coronavirus strains from both human and wild hosts. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis was performed using multiple datasets, using strict and relaxed clock evolutionary models to estimate the occurrence times of key speciation, gene transfer, and recombination events affecting the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and its closest relatives. We found strong evidence supporting the presence of temporal structure in datasets containing SARS-CoV-2 variants, enabling us to estimate the time of SARS-CoV-2 zoonotic spillover between August and early October 2019. In contrast, datasets without SARS-CoV-2 variants provided mixed results in terms of temporal structure. However, they allowed us to establish that the presence of a statistically robust clade in the phylogenies of gene S and its receptor-binding (RBD) domain, including two bat (BANAL) and two Guangdong pangolin coronaviruses (CoVs), is due to the horizontal gene transfer of this gene from the bat CoV to the pangolin CoV that occurred in the middle of 2018. Importantly, this clade is closely located to SARS-CoV-2 in both phylogenies. This phylogenetic proximity had been explained by an RBD gene transfer from the Guangdong pangolin CoV to a very recent ancestor of SARS-CoV-2 in some earlier works in the field before the BANAL coronaviruses were discovered. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the timeline and evolutionary dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the emergence time of SARS-CoV-2 zoonotic spillover

Samson,

Lord,

Makarenkov

2024

PLoS ONE

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“…The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to significant global morbidity and mortality, posing substantial public health challenges [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. As of November 2023, over 13 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines have been administered worldwide, representing a monumental effort in the history of medicine [ 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Pre-Infection COVID-19 Vaccination on the Incidence and Severity of Post-COVID Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Man,

Rosca,

Bratosin

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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This systematic review critically evaluated the impact of a pre-infection COVID-19 vaccination on the incidence and severity of post-COVID-19 syndrome and aimed to assess the potential protective effect across different vaccines and patient demographics. This study hypothesized that vaccination before infection substantially reduces the risk and severity of post-COVID-19 syndrome. In October 2023, a comprehensive literature search was conducted across three databases, PubMed, Embase, and Scopus, focusing on studies published up to that date. Utilizing a wide array of keywords, the search strategy adhered to the PRISMA guidelines and was registered in the Open Science Framework. The inclusion criteria comprised studies focusing on patients with a breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection who developed post-COVID-19 syndrome. We included a total of 13 articles that met the inclusion criteria, analyzing more than 10 million patients with a mean age of 50.6 years, showing that the incidence of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions post-vaccination was as low as 2.4%, with a significant reduction in mortality risk (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.58–0.74). The prevalence of post-COVID-19 syndrome symptoms was lower in vaccinated individuals (9.5%) compared to unvaccinated (14.6%), with a notable decrease in activity-limiting symptoms (adjusted OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.48–0.73). Vaccinated patients also showed a quicker recovery and return to work (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.04–1.79). The pooled odds ratio of 0.77 indicates that vaccination is associated with a 23% reduction in the risk of developing post-COVID-19 syndrome (95% CI 0.75–0.79). Despite the protective effects observed, a substantial heterogeneity among the studies was noted. In conclusion, a pre-infection COVID-19 vaccination is associated with a significant reduction in the risk and severity of post-COVID-19 syndrome. However, the observed heterogeneity across studies suggests a need for further research with standardized methods to fully comprehend vaccine efficacy against long COVID.

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“…The COVID-19 pandemic in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia accounted for 841,469 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 9,646 deaths between 3 January 2020 and 6 September 2023 ( World Health Organization, 2023 ). Global data of almost 180 nations as of July 29, 2020 has revealed the following: 16,558,289 were the positive cases reported; with 656,093 deaths; and 25,127 new cases; with a 4.9% mortality rate; and 180 nations afflicted with COVID-19 ( Sawicka et al, 2022 ). However, despite the fact that the COVID-19 pandemic is no longer a public health emergency of global significance, we still need to maintain vaccination campaigns and epidemiological surveillance because of the infection’s current state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining factors influencing public knowledge and practice of proper face mask usage during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study

Easwaran,

Alshahrani,

Mantargi

et al. 2024

PeerJ

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic had an enormous impact on people’s quality of life worldwide. Appropriate use of facemasks is an important checkpoint in containing the spread of infection, which was believed to provide the desired level of protection and preserve the community. Given the relative novelty of facemask use in the general population, it is imperative to prioritize the promotion of appropriate facemask utilization and identify factors that may contribute to poor adherence. Aim This study assessed the factors that determined facemask use among the public. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among the residents of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between November 2020 and January 2021. The current study explored the factors such as demographic characteristics influencing the knowledge and practice of proper use of facemasks. The study included a total of 198 participants. The results were derived through binomial logistic regression analysis to determine the relationship between the demographic characteristics and responses. Results The key findings of the study which are crucial in developing targeted intervention strategies to enhance the responsible use and disposal of facemasks are gender, income and employment. A significant difference was found between male and female participants regarding a positive approach to using facemasks, such as washing their hands (P = 0.042). In addition, homemakers differed significantly from students, regarding the correct usage of facemasks (P = 0.026). The study participants were aware that hand hygiene is essential when putting on and removing facemasks. Despite wearing facemasks properly, adult participants possessed less knowledge about the hazards of reusing facemasks and appropriate disposal (OR = 0.202, 95% CI [0.032–1.298]). Conclusion The present research identified gender, income, and employment as the primary attributes that play a pivotal role in the formulation of focused intervention tactics aimed at improving the cautious use and appropriate disposal of facemasks. It is essential to implement nationwide awareness activities, such as information campaigns, to enhance knowledge. Health authorities should establish a functional infrastructure for the collection and disposal of used facemasks by the general public, starting with the dissemination of knowledge. Moreover, the results of the present study have significant implications for health preventive programs aimed at preparing for future pandemics, since they highlight the specific demographic groups that should be prioritized in the development of such policies. Furthermore, it is advisable to integrate these interventional initiatives with national health polices to promote preparedness for handling future pandemics.

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The coronavirus global pandemic and its impacts on society

Cited by 27 publications

References 34 publications

Assessing the emergence time of SARS-CoV-2 zoonotic spillover

Assessing the emergence time of SARS-CoV-2 zoonotic spillover

Impact of Pre-Infection COVID-19 Vaccination on the Incidence and Severity of Post-COVID Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Examining factors influencing public knowledge and practice of proper face mask usage during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study

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