The coronary vessels of the dog demonstrated by colored plastic (vinyl acetate) injections and corrosion

Abstract

Even before the time of Servetus arid Joliii Hunter obserrations were niade on the coi*onaries by a n Arab physician of the 13th Century, Ibii Nafis, dean of the 1Iaiisourp Hospital in Cairo, Egypt. Accordiiig to Haddad aiid Khairallali ('36) he stated that the blood is aerated iii the lungs aiid that tlie heart is iiourislied by its owii vessels. Whitten published a review and aiia1;vsis of the many methods used prior to 1928. As he pointed out, actual dissection of the vessels is tediouh and tlie finer braiiches are frequently destroyed. The cleared preparations do not perinit easy esaniinatioii of the deeper vessels. Iiijectioii followed by plane roentgenography iiivolves cutting along or across branches thereby destroying their relationship and also fails to give depth. The m e of steroscopic x-ray pictures results in overlapping of the branches. Whitten concluded that of the methods reviewed the injection and corrosion methods were the best and recommended celloidin for injecting the vessels. The actual injection requires several days aiid the castiiig of the heart cavities is done by a n additional procedure.Since 1928 the injection-corrosion aiid iiijectioii-roeiitgeiiography methods h a~e been dereloped further. Schlesinger ( '38) used the injection-plane roentgenography method. Hip 43

Fractional contributions of the right and left coronary arteries to perfusion of normal and hypertrophied right ventricles of conscious dogs.

“…Several previous studies (Moore, 1930;Schlesinger, 1938;Pianetto, 1939;Kazzaz and Shanklin, 1950;Donald and Essex, 1954), using largely nonquantitative techniques, i.e., portmortem coronary artery injections with radioopaque or colored plastic materials, have demonstrated varying degrees of perfusion of the right ventricle from the left coronary artery. However, to accurately assess the fractional contribution of left coronary artery perfusion of the normal right ventricle, it is essential to avoid the confounding influence of a lowered right coronary perfusion pressure such as occurs distal to right coronary artery occlusion, since this could result in the recruitment of vascular channels that are not functional at normal perfusion pressures.…”

The Atrial Coronary Arteries in Man

“…The most significant studies in human hearts were those of Keith and Flack, 3 Spalteholz,4 Crainicianu,5 and Gross.6 Several excellent studies of the blood supply to the canine cardiac atria have been reported in recent years;2 [7][8][9][10] however. these observations fail to clarify the situation for man.…”

An x-ray microscopic study of the arterial supply to the conducting system of the human heart.

“…Schlesinger (1938) and Fulton (1963) demonstrated the distribution of the coronary arteries in man after the injection of radioopaque media, but the resolution of the x-ray technique did not allow the visualization of capillaries, and no mention is made of any special distribution of vessels to the conducting system. The pattern of blood supply to the sinu-atrial node in the dog has been described as coming from the right coronary artery (Meek, Keenan, and Theisen, 1929;Moore, 1930; Pianetto, 1939;Kazzaz and Shanklin, 1950), and Halpern (1954) described additional branches being distributed to the node from the left coronary artery and right internal mammary artery. In man, Last (1963) states, without further amplification, that the sinu-atrial node is supplied by a branch of the right coronary artery in 60 per cent of cases, and that the atrio-ventricular node and bundle of His are supplied by a branch of the left coronary artery in 90 per cent.…”