The Cornell Medical Index-Health Questionnaire: VI. The Relation of Patients' Complaints to Age, Sex, Race, and Education

Brodman, Keeve; Erdmann, Albert J.; Lorge, Irving; Wolff, Harold G.

doi:10.1093/geronj/8.3.339

Cited by 57 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Several authors have observed that although females are more likely to report symptoms, physician verified abnormalities are approximately equal to those of males (42,43). However, occupational LBP is seen in higher proportions in men (44,45).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased low back pain prevalence in females than in males after menopause age: evidences based on synthetic literature review

Wáng

Káplár

2016

Quant. Imaging Med. Surg.

209

160

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Female sex hormones play an important role in the etiology and pathophysiology of a variety of musculoskeletal degenerative diseases. Postmenopausal women show accelerated disc degeneration due to relative estrogen deficiency. This literature review aims to validate or falsify this hypothesis, i.e., while overall females have higher prevalence of low back pain (LBP) across all age groups, this male vs. female difference in LBP prevalence further increases after female menopause age. The literature search was performed on PubMed on January 2, 2016. The search word combination was (low back pain) AND prevalence AND [(males OR men) AND (females OR women)].The following criteria were taken to include the papers for synthetic analysis: (I) only English primary literatures on nonspecific pain; (II) only prospective studies on general population, but not population with occupational LBP causes, of both males and female subjects studied using the same LBP criterion, ages-specific information available, and males and female subjects were agematched; (III) studies without major quality flaws. In total 98 studies with 772,927 subjects were analyzed.According to the information in the literature, participant subjects were divided into four age groups: (I) school age children group: 6-19 years; (II) young and middle aged group: 20-50 years; (III) mixed age group: data from studies did not differentiate age groups; (IV) elderly group: ≥50 years old. When individual studies were not weighted by participant number and each individual study is represented as one entry regardless of their sample size, the median LBP prevalence ratio of female vs. males was 1.310, 1.140, 1.220, and 1.270 respectively for the four age groups. When individual studies were weighted by participant number, the LBP prevalence ratio of female vs. males was 1.360, 1.127, 1.185, and 1.280 respectively for the four groups.The higher LBP prevalence in school age girls than in school age boys is likely due to psychological factors, female hormone fluctuation, and menstruation. Compared with young and middle aged subjects, a further increased LBP prevalence in females than in males was noted after menopause age.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased low back pain prevalence in females than in males after menopause age: evidences based on synthetic literature review

Wáng

Káplár

2016

Quant. Imaging Med. Surg.

209

160

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“…Cramer's V equalled . 16 and was not significant at the .05 level. Approximately onequarter of both sexes reported that they usually drank alone, with men being slightly more likely than women to report &his pattern.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

First Drinking Experiences and Present Drinking Patterns: A Male-Female Comparison

Waller

Lorch

1977

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse

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The authors predicted that sex roles in America would contribute to variation between male and female alcoholics in first drinking experiences and current drinking patterns. Moderate support for this hypothesis was observed. Though first drinking experiences were found to be very similar for males and females, females reported a significantly longer period of time between their first and second drinks of an alcoholic beverage. Females were significantly more likely to have consumed their first alcoholic beverage with family members, while males more commonly were with friends. Beer was the most frequently consumed beverage of the first drinking occasion for both sexes; the second most popular beverage among men was whiskey, while women chose mixed drinks. Regarding current drinking patterns, men drank significantly more often than women. The differences pertaining to general drinking pattern (drinking daily, several times a week, or on weekends, or engaging in binge drinking) approached significance.

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“…This has been the finding in an urban population sample in the United States,87 in various groups of ostensibly healthy persons and psychiatric and other patients in the United States and Britain,* as well as among both native and foreignborn university entrants in Israel25 and urban and rural Zulu population samples in South Africa.39 This sex difference is usually seen in all parts of the CMI, and involves many questions other than those six concerning genitourinary symptoms which differ in the male and female versions of the questionnaire. 40 However, it cannot be inferred from these findings that there is more emotional disorder among women than there is among men. Although the total CMI score appears to be a valid measure of emotional health in both sexes, it is not necessarily of equal validity in each sex.…”

Section: Use In Comparative Studiesmentioning

confidence: 89%

The cornell medical index as an epidemiological tool.

Abramson¹

1966

Am J Public Health Nations Health

119

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The Cornell Medical Index-Health Questionnaire: VI. The Relation of Patients' Complaints to Age, Sex, Race, and Education

Cited by 57 publications

References 0 publications

Increased low back pain prevalence in females than in males after menopause age: evidences based on synthetic literature review

Increased low back pain prevalence in females than in males after menopause age: evidences based on synthetic literature review

First Drinking Experiences and Present Drinking Patterns: A Male-Female Comparison

The cornell medical index as an epidemiological tool.

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