The core minimum dataset for measuring pain outcomes in pain services across Scotland. Developing and testing a brief multi-dimensional questionnaire

Abstract

Background: There is currently no agreed minimum dataset to inform specialist chronic pain service provision. We aimed to develop a Core Minimum Dataset (CMD) for pain services in Scotland and perform preliminary analysis to evaluate its psychometric properties in adults with chronic pain. Methods: The questionnaire was developed following a review of existing relevant data collection instruments and national consultation. The CMD questionnaire was completed alongside a routine pre-clinic questionnaire by patients attending two pain services over 3 months. Concurrent validity was tested by comparing scores between the CMD and pre-existing questionnaires. Reliability was assessed by test-retest and discriminative validity via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: The final CMD questionnaire consisted of five questions on four domains: pain severity (Chronic Pain Grade [CPG] Q1); pain interference (CPG Q5); emotional impact (Patient Health Questionnaire-2 [PHQ-2], two questions); and quality of life (Short Form Health Survey-36 [SF-36] Q1). 530 patients completed the questionnaire. Strong correlation was found with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (rs = 0.753, p < 0.001). Moderate correlations were found with the Brief Pain Inventory for pain interference (rs = 0.585, p < 0.001) and pain severity (rs = 0.644, p < 0.001). Moderate to good reliability was demonstrated (Intra-class Correlation Coefficient = 0.572–0.845). All items indicated good discrimination for relevant health states. Conclusions: The findings represent initial steps towards developing an accurate questionnaire that is feasible for assessing chronic pain in adults attending specialist pain clinics and measuring service improvements in Scotland. Further validation testing, in clinical settings, is now required.

Understanding chronic pain in the ubiquitous community: the role of open data

“…Adequate and comprehensive data such as Big Data may contribute to improving the quality of previously acquired minimal datasets ( 13 ). Understanding which ontological approach and related data elements ( 14 ) would be more suitable for data sharing could facilitate the study of behavioural patterns appearing in social networks and the creation of digital citizen labs ( 15 ) where open discussions may foster public engagement on an important topic.…”

Delivering equitable pain care: Lessons from the Scottish Service Model for Chronic Pain

“…However, Moore et al 19 reported higher uptake for their group programme from more affluent areas in Glasgow. There is limited understanding of this aspect of service delivery across Scotland; collection of the Scottish Core minimum dataset 20 combined with analysis of demographics could be useful here.…”

Developing analgesic stewardship

“…This extends from improving the quality and timeliness of pain management support, to reducing adverse effects and other harms of analgesics which are known to increase the burden on health care services, in all sectors. Outcome data, such as that described by Laskawska and colleagues 9 also in this issue, are going to be vital for assessing changes in analgesic stewardship and the burden of pain in our communities as analgesic stewardship initiatives spread across the UK and the rest of the world.…”