The CORALIE survey for southern extrasolar planets

Rickman, E. L.; Ségransan, D.; Marmier, M.; Udry, S.; Bouchy, F.; Lovis, C.; Mayor, M.; Pepe, F.; Queloz, D.; Santos, N. C.; Allart, R.; Bonvin, V.; Bratschi, P.; Cersullo, F.; Chazelas, Bruno; Choplin, Arthur; Conod, U.; Deline, A.; Delisle, J.-B.; Santos, Leonardo A. Dos; Figueira, P.; Giles, H.; Girard, Marianne; Lavie, B.; Martin, David V.; Motalebi, F.; Nielsen, L. D.; Osborn, H.; Ottoni, G.; Raimbault, M.; Rey, J.; Roger, Thomas; Seidel, J. V.; Stalport, M.; Mascareño, A. Suárez; Triaud, A. H. M. J.; Turner, O. D.; Weber, L.; Wyttenbach, A.

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935356

Cited by 35 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…Following on from Rickman et al (2019) we obtained five more RV measurements over ∼10 months. We also added four historical and low-precision (∼ 300 m/s) CORAVEL measurements to increase the overall time-span of the RV measurements by 10 years and to provide an upper bound constraint on the minimum mass of the companion.…”

Section: Observations and Data Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The RV data products presented in this paper are available at DACE with the new orbital parameters shown in Table 3. The full description of the RV data is outlined in Rickman et al (2019).…”

Section: Observations and Data Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HD 13724 has been identified as a promising candidate for observational follow-up with direct imaging (Rickman et al 2019) due to its minimum mass (26.77 +4.4 −2.2 M Jup ) and expected semimajor axis (∼240 mas), which was calculated from the orbital period, itself derived from RV measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spectral and atmospheric characterisation of a new benchmark brown dwarf HD 13724 B

Rickman

Ségransan

Hagelberg

et al. 2020

A&A

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Context. HD 13724 is a nearby solar-type star at 43.48 ± 0.06 pc hosting a long-period low-mass brown dwarf detected with the CORALIE echelle spectrograph as part of the historical CORALIE radial-velocity search for extra-solar planets. The companion has a minimum mass of 26.77 +4.4 −2.2 M Jup and an expected semi-major axis of ∼240 mas making it a suitable target for further characterisation with high-contrast imaging, in particular to measure its inclination, mass, and spectrum and thus establish its substellar nature. Aims. Using high-contrast imaging with the SPHERE instrument on the Very Large Telescope (VLT), we are able to directly image a brown dwarf companion to HD 13724 and obtain a low-resolution spectrum. Methods. We combine the radial-velocity measurements of CORALIE and HARPS taken over two decades and high-contrast imaging from SPHERE to obtain a dynamical mass estimate. From the SPHERE data we obtain a low-resolution spectrum of the companion from Y to J band, as well as photometric measurements from IRDIS in the J, H, and K bands. Results. Using high-contrast imaging with the SPHERE instrument at the VLT, we report the first images of a brown dwarf companion orbiting the host star HD 13724. It has an angular separation of 175.6 ± 4.5 mas and an H-band contrast of 10.61 ± 0.16 mag, and using the age estimate of the star to be ∼1 Gyr gives an isochronal mass estimate of ∼44 M Jup . By combining radial-velocity and imaging data we also obtain a dynamical mass of 50.5 +3.3 −3.5 M Jup . Through fitting an atmospheric model, we estimate a surface gravity of log g = 5.5 and an effective temperature of 1000 K. A comparison of its spectrum with observed T dwarfs estimates a spectral type of T4 or T4.5, with a T4 object providing the best fit.

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Section: Observations and Data Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Observations and Data Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spectral and atmospheric characterisation of a new benchmark brown dwarf HD 13724 B

Rickman

Ségransan

Hagelberg

et al. 2020

A&A

Self Cite

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“…The vast majority of newly discovered exoplanets move on orbits that huddle close to their host stars, and precious few are found on orbits that take years or decades to complete (e.g. Wittenmyer et al 2019;Rickman et al 2019;Kane et al 2019). These discovery statistics are primarily the result of the biases inherent in the predominant discovery technique -the search for transiting worlds (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cool Jupiters greatly outnumber their toasty siblings: occurrence rates from the Anglo-Australian Planet Search

Wittenmyer

Wang

Horner

et al. 2019

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

123

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Our understanding of planetary systems different to our own has grown dramatically in the past 30 years. However, our efforts to ascertain the degree to which the Solar system is abnormal or unique have been hindered by the observational biases inherent to the methods that have yielded the greatest exoplanet hauls. On the basis of such surveys, one might consider our planetary system highly unusual -but the reality is that we are only now beginning to uncover the true picture. In this work, we use the full eighteen-year archive of data from the Anglo-Australian Planet Search to examine the abundance of 'Cool Jupiters' -analogs to the Solar system's giant planets, Jupiter and Saturn. We find that such planets are intrinsically far more common through the cosmos than their siblings, the hot Jupiters. We find that the occurrence rate of such 'Cool Jupiters' is 6.73 +2.09 −1.13 %, almost an order of magnitude higher than the occurrence of hot Jupiters (at 0.84 +0.70 −0.20 %). We also find that the occurrence rate of giant planets is essentially constant beyond orbital distances of ∼1 au. Our results reinforce the importance of legacy radial velocity surveys for the understanding of the Solar system's place in the cosmos.

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“…On the other hand, RV surveys are limited by their baselines. Several authors have used RV trends or other incomplete orbital arcs to constrain the properties of long-period planets and substellar objects (Wright et al 2007(Wright et al , 2009Knutson et al 2014;Bouchy et al 2016;Rickman et al 2019;Bryan et al 2016), but it is challenging to pin down the physical parameters of planets with orbital periods much longer than the survey baseline. Some authors assume circular orbits in order to cut down the wide parameter space of possible orbits (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radial Velocity Discovery of an Eccentric Jovian World Orbiting at 18 au

Blunt

Endl

Weiss

et al. 2019

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Based on two decades of radial velocity (RV) observations using Keck/HIRES and McDonald/Tull, and more recent observations using the Automated Planet Finder, we found that the nearby star HR 5183 (HD 120066) hosts a 3M J minimum mass planet with an orbital period of 74 +43 −22 years. The orbit is highly eccentric (e 0.84), shuttling the planet from within the orbit of Jupiter to beyond the orbit of Neptune. Our careful survey design enabled high cadence observations before, during, and after the planet's periastron passage, yielding precise orbital parameter constraints. We searched for stellar or planetary companions that could have excited the planet's eccentricity, but found no candidates, potentially implying that the perturber was ejected from the system. We did identify a bound stellar companion more than 15,000 au from the primary, but reasoned that it is currently too widely separated to have an appreciable effect on HR 5183 b. Because HR 5183 b's wide orbit takes it more than 30 au (1") from its star, we also explored the potential of complimentary studies with direct imaging or stellar astrometry. We found that a Gaia detection is very likely, and that imaging at 10 µm is a promising avenue. This discovery highlights the value of long-baseline RV surveys for discovering and characterizing long-period, eccentric Jovian planets. This population may offer important insights into the dynamical evolution of planetary systems containing multiple massive planets.

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The CORALIE survey for southern extrasolar planets

Cited by 35 publications

References 44 publications

Spectral and atmospheric characterisation of a new benchmark brown dwarf HD 13724 B

Spectral and atmospheric characterisation of a new benchmark brown dwarf HD 13724 B

Cool Jupiters greatly outnumber their toasty siblings: occurrence rates from the Anglo-Australian Planet Search

Radial Velocity Discovery of an Eccentric Jovian World Orbiting at 18 au

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