The coordination of chewing

Falardeau, Dominic; Dubois, Sophia; Kolta, Arlette

doi:10.1016/j.conb.2023.102805

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 63 publications

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“…Even though, in the context of feeding, mastication movements do not make sense, indeed never occur before food has entered the mouth, a recruitment of the premotor neurons by higher orexigenic centers (e.g. in a predatory context as in ( 18)), or their inhibition by anorexigenic centers (as suggested by the connectome of Sup5 Phox2b ) can be rationalized as the "priming" or "gating", respectively, of an activity before it is required (50).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Phox2b+ Pontine Nucleus Essential for Ingestion

Sungeelee,

Mailhes-Hamon,

Chettouh

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The first phase of feeding consists in acquiring solid foods from the environment by biting, and their preparation for swallowing by chewing. These actions require the precise coordination of tens of orofacial muscles for the jaw and tongue. The siege for this motor patterning is known to be in the reticular formation, a complex and poorly mapped region of the hindbrain, but the neuron groups involved are still elusive. Here, we characterize a group of reticular interneurons located in the supratrigeminal area that express the homeodomain transcription factorPhox2b. This nucleus — Sup5Phox2b— is premotor to both jaw-closing and jaw-opener motoneurons and receives direct input from cranial sensory afferents, motor cortex and satiation related nuclei. Its activity differentially tracks lapping, biting and chewing movements, suggesting its involvement in the elaboration of distinct orofacial motor patterns in vivo. Acute global activation or inhibition of Sup5Phox2bby optogenetics both interrupt volitional feeding sequences. Thus, Sup5Phox2bis an obligatory subcortical node, topologically and genetically defined, in the neural circuits that control the oral phase of feeding.TeaserA genetically defined cluster of neurons in the hindbrain is an essential relay for biting and chewing food.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Phox2b+ Pontine Nucleus Essential for Ingestion

Sungeelee,

Mailhes-Hamon,

Chettouh

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Astrocyte-induced firing in primary afferent axons

Gaudel,

Giraud,

Morquette

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus is unique in that it contains the cell bodies of large-caliber primary afferents that are usually located in the periphery in the dorsal root ganglia or trigeminal ganglia. The activity of these afferents is typically associated with proprioception of the jaw-closing muscles or mechanoreception on the teeth and periodontal ligament. However, like other large-caliber afferents from the body which display ectopic firing in neuropathic pain models, these afferents exhibit increased excitability and ectopic discharges even in a relatively mild muscle pain model. These discharges normally emerge from subthreshold membrane oscillations (SMOs) supported by a persistent sodium current (INaP) which is exquisitely sensitive to extracellular Ca2+-decreases. We have shown in the trigeminal main sensory nucleus that the release of a Ca2+-binding astrocytic protein, S100β, is sufficient to modulate this sodium current. Here, we explore if this astrocyte-dependent mechanism contribute to emergence of this hyperexcitability and aim to localize the cellular site where ectopic discharge may arise using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, confocal imaging, and immunohistochemistry methods on mice brain slices. We found that astrocytes, by lowering [Ca2+]eat focal points along the axons of NVmes neurons through S100β, enhance the amplitude of the NaV1.6-dependent SMOs leading to ectopic firing. These findings suggest a crucial role for astrocytes in excitability regulation and raise questions about this neuron-astrocyte interaction as a key contributor to hyperexcitability in several pathologies.

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Does chewing impact performance in sports activities?

Zhou,

Tsukamoto,

Kubo

et al. 2024

sci. j. sport perform.

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Chewing is a simple and effective method for managing psychological stress and maintaining optimal physical and mental health. This study aimed to systematically review the potential benefits and disadvantages of chewing in sports. We conducted a comprehensive literature search for all relevant articles sourced from the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, and PUBMED. We used “chewing OR mastication OR masticatory” and “sport OR sports OR training OR exercise OR physical fitness OR athletic OR athlete OR performance.” We adopted a three-step screening process for titles, abstracts, and full-texts to select eligible articles. After applying our inclusion and exclusion criteria, we performed a full-text screening of 101 articles. The results showed that chewing could improve muscle activation, force production, muscle strength, and postural stability, positively affecting sports performance, especially in rugby, judo, kendo, and climbing. The beneficial effects of chewing on sports performance may be associated with the activation of central nervous system circuits, an increase in arousal level and alertness, and improvements in cognitive ability. In contrast, chewing gum poses a potential risk of laryngeal spasm during activities, such as swimming or cricket. Attention should be paid to chewing gum while engaging in sports.

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The coordination of chewing

Cited by 3 publications

References 63 publications

A Phox2b+ Pontine Nucleus Essential for Ingestion

A Phox2b+ Pontine Nucleus Essential for Ingestion

Astrocyte-induced firing in primary afferent axons

Does chewing impact performance in sports activities?

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