The Cooperative Convective Precipitation Experiment (CCOPE), 18 May-7 August 1981

Knight, Charles

doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1982)063<0386:tccpem>2.0.co;2

Cited by 39 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This storm occurred on 2 August 1981 in the upper Midwest of the US which was observed intensely by the Cooperative Convective Precipitation Experiment (CCOPE) field campaign and will be referred to heretofore as the CCOPE supercell. The sounding used to initialize this storm and the observational aspects of this supercell have been given by Knight (1982) and Wade (1982). It also has been simulated numerically using the same cloud model by Johnson et al (1993Johnson et al ( , 1994 and Lin et al (2005).…”

Section: Cloud Model Simulation Of Cross-tropopause Transport Of Watementioning

confidence: 99%

Cross Tropopause Transport of Water by Mid-Latitude Deep Convective Storms: A Review

Wang¹,

Su²,

Charvát³

et al. 2011

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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Recent observational and numerical modeling studies of the mechanisms which transport moisture to the stratosphere by deep convective storms at mid-latitudes are reviewed. Observational evidence of the cross-tropopause transport of moisture by thunderstorms includes satellite, aircraft and ground-based data. The primary satellite evidence is taken from both conventional satellite of thunderstorm images and CloudSat vertical cloud cross-section images. The conventional satellite images show cirrus plumes above the anvil tops of some of the convective storms where the anvils are already at the tropopause level. The CloudSat image shows an indication of penetration of cirrus plume into the stratosphere. The aircraft observations consist of earlier observations of the "jumping cirrus" phenomenon reported by Fujita and recent detection of ice particles in the stratospheric air associated with deep convective storms. The ground-based observations are video camera records of the jumping cirrus phenomenon occurring at the top of thunderstorm cells. Numerical model studies of the penetrative deep convective storms were performed utilizing a three-dimensional cloud dynamical model to simulate a typical severe storm which occurred in the US Midwest region on 2 August 1981. Model results indicate two physical mechanisms that cause water to be injected into the stratosphere from the storm: (1) the jumping cirrus mechanism which is caused by the gravity wave breaking at the cloud top, and (2) an instability caused by turbulent mixing in the outer shell of the overshooting dome. Implications of the penetrative convection on global processes and a brief future outlook are discussed.

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Section: Cloud Model Simulation Of Cross-tropopause Transport Of Watementioning

confidence: 99%

Cross Tropopause Transport of Water by Mid-Latitude Deep Convective Storms: A Review

Wang¹,

Su²,

Charvát³

et al. 2011

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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“…Although many types of measurements were conducted during the Cooperative Convective Precipitation Experiment (CCOPE) project, measurements of chemical species were very limited [Knight, 1982]. However, by comparing model results with surface monitoring data, the ability of RADM to produce realistic atmospheric trace gas concentration patterns for a variety of atmospheric conditions was explored through a series of case studies [Middleton et al, 1988;Middleton and Chang, 1990].…”

Section: Design Of the Numerical Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A three‐dimensional numerical model of cloud dynamics, microphysics, and chemistry: 3. Redistribution of pollutants

Wang¹,

Chang²

1993

J. Geophys. Res.

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The evolution of chemical species during the life cycle of a severe local storm has been simulated using our three‐dimensional cloud chemistry model (Wang and Chang, 1993a, b). The importance of dynamical transport was found to be different for different gases, depending on their solubility. For insoluble gases with a comparatively long chemical lifetime, dynamical transport was a major factor in the evolution of in‐cloud gas phase concentration. The three‐dimensional divergence (convergence) and eddy mixing accounted for nearly 100% of the total variation of the in‐cloud O3 amount. For the highly soluble gases such as HNO3 and H2O2 the dominant sources and sinks were dissolution and evaporation. The dissolution of HNO3 and H2O2 accounted for more than 44% of the total change. The extensive condensation occurring in selected parts of the storm caused sharp decreases in the HNO3 and H2O2 mixing ratios. The dissolution of SO2 can exceed the influence of dynamical processes for a short time period, corresponding to a newly born convective cell. For other times, dynamics was the major factor influencing the variation of the SO2 in‐cloud amount. The in‐cloud amounts of the gas phase pollutants were reduced significantly during the development of the storm. The net decrease of SO2 is approximately equal to 4 ppt on the average throughout the entire cloud volume during the simulation, or approximately −3 ppt/h in rate. For O3 the total change is approximately equal to −1.1 ppb/h on the average. The net decrease of HNO3 is equal to 20 ppt on the average, or −15 ppt/h in rate. The H2O2 decreasing rate is approximately equal to −5.9 ppb/h on the average, while the average net change is about 7.8 ppb in the cloud volume and averaged through the duration of the simulation.

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“…It was based on concepts used previously in the Cooperative Convective Precipitation Experiment (CCOPE; see Knight 1982). In most respects it may be regarded as a more modern portable version of the CCOPE facility as described by Biter and Johnson (1982), though with important additional capabilities related to realtime analysis and nowcasting.…”

Section: / Operations Centermentioning

confidence: 99%

Convection Initiation and Downburst Experiment (CINDE)

Wilson¹,

Moore²,

Foote³

et al. 1988

Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.

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The Convection Initiation and Downburst Experiment (CINDE) was conducted in the Denver, Colorado area from 22 June to 7 August 1987 to study processes leading to the formation of deep convection and the physics of downbursts. A total of 6 Doppler radars, 87 mesonet stations, 3 research aircraft, 8 sounding systems and numerous photographic facilities were deployed within an 85 km x 85 km area. A comprehensive data set was obtained including measurements of convergence lines, downbursts, and tornadoes that occurred on 35, 22, and 11 days, respectively. This paper describes the objectives of the experiment and the specific facilities employed. Highlights and preliminary results are presented for several studies underway to show the type of data collected and to illustrate the sorts of analyses being pursued. Examples chosen include the topics of cloud initiation on stationary convergence lines, terraininduced circulations, downbursts, tornadoes, and tracking chaff in precipitation-filled regions.

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The Cooperative Convective Precipitation Experiment (CCOPE), 18 May-7 August 1981

Cited by 39 publications

References 3 publications

Cross Tropopause Transport of Water by Mid-Latitude Deep Convective Storms: A Review

Cross Tropopause Transport of Water by Mid-Latitude Deep Convective Storms: A Review

A three‐dimensional numerical model of cloud dynamics, microphysics, and chemistry: 3. Redistribution of pollutants

Convection Initiation and Downburst Experiment (CINDE)

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