The Cool Flames space-flight experiment

Spherical gas-fueled cool diffusion flames

“…The LTC and two stage ignitions, transition from a cool flame ignition to a hot flame ignition, have been studied for fire and explosion prevention in aircraft fuel tanks because the conditions in aircraft fuel tanks, that are exposed to high temperatures and low pressures due to their high altitude, may cause ignition in the fuel tanks by cool flame chemistry, hot flame chemistry, and/or two stage ignition chemistry [14,15]. An investigation into the explosion of Flight TWA in 1996, which claimed more than 200 lives, also concluded that a cool flame could be one of the possible ignition sources [16,17].…”