The controversy about a possible relationship between mobile phone use and cancer

Kundi, Michael

doi:10.1590/s1413-81232010000500016

Cited by 35 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the cancer research institute of the World Health Organization (WHO), has recently classified RF emission from cell phones as possibly carcinogenic to humans (group 2B) and concluded the aforementioned studies cannot reliably serve to exclude harmful radiation effects, prompting further research (22). This uncertainty can be attributed to limitations of epidemiological data unsuitable for assessing long-term effects and incomplete knowledge of the impact of physical radiation effects on the brain tissue (23)(24)(25). Whereas the predominant scientific opinion sees the conversion of absorbed radiation into Joule heat as the dominant effect with possible biological consequences, accurate measurements of its dynamics and magnitude inside the living human body are lacking.…”

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confidence: 99%

NMR imaging of cell phone radiation absorption in brain tissue

Gültekin

Moeller²

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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A method is described for measuring absorbed electromagnetic energy radiated from cell phone antennae into ex vivo brain tissue. NMR images the 3D thermal dynamics inside ex vivo bovine brain tissue and equivalent gel under exposure to power and irradiation time-varying radio frequency (RF) fields. The absorbed RF energy in brain tissue converts into Joule heat and affects the nuclear magnetic shielding and the Larmor precession. The resultant temperature increase is measured by the resonance frequency shift of hydrogen protons in brain tissue. This proposed application of NMR thermometry offers sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to characterize the hot spots from absorbed cell phone radiation in aqueous media and biological tissues. Specific absorption rate measurements averaged over 1 mg and 10 s in the brain tissue cover the total absorption volume. Reference measurements with fiber optic temperature sensors confirm the accuracy of the NMR thermometry.nuclear shielding | dipole antenna | mobile communications | SAR | RF safety H umans are exposed to an increasing amount of nonionizing electromagnetic radiation emitted from sources such as cell phones, power transmission lines, radars, and medical equipment (1), causing public health concerns (2). Safety standards defining upper limits for the specific absorption rates (SARs) were thus established to serve as guidelines for equipment manufacturers in various fields (3-5). Extensive cell phone use is known to present the highest radio frequency (RF) exposure to the general public, prompting this study.The 6 billion current global cellular phone subscriptions (6, 7) indicate an average airtime of about 30 min/d and an average call length of about 3 min/user (8). Tremendous research efforts starting in the early 1980s to assess the health effects from cell phone radiation have focused on the significant absorption of radiation by those parts of the human brain that are located in close proximity to antennae (9).In general, the effects of nonionizing radiation have been divided into thermal and nonthermal and have been extensively investigated through cell and animal studies (10-13), neurological studies (14, 15), thermographic measurements (16), computer model-based simulations (17, 18), metabolic human studies (19), and large epidemiological data (20). Among those, researchers have focused on a possible link between cell phone radiation and cancer (21). The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the cancer research institute of the World Health Organization (WHO), has recently classified RF emission from cell phones as possibly carcinogenic to humans (group 2B) and concluded the aforementioned studies cannot reliably serve to exclude harmful radiation effects, prompting further research (22). This uncertainty can be attributed to limitations of epidemiological data unsuitable for assessing long-term effects and incomplete knowledge of the impact of physical radiation effects on the brain tissue (23)(24)(25). Whereas the predominant scientifi...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

NMR imaging of cell phone radiation absorption in brain tissue

Gültekin

Moeller²

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…In fact, the meta-analyses of Hardell [35,36], Khurana [37], Kundi [38], and ourselves [39], including the literature data on head tumours in people with MP latency or continuous use of at least 10 years -and thus, besides Hardell's data [1][2][3][4]36], also part of the Interphone data [23-25, 29, 31, 32] -show large and s.s. increases (100%) of the risk of ipsilateral gliomas with high level of malignancy, and sizable and s.s. increases (50-140%) of the risk of ipsilateral acoustic neuromas (Table 3). These increases are smaller than those found by Hardell in the pooled analyses of his data alone [1,2,4], being "diluted" with the Interphone data corresponding to the requirements indicated above.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile Phones and Head Tumours: A Critical Analysis of Case-Control Epidemiological Studies

Levis

Minicuci²,

Ricci³

et al. 2012

TOENVIRJ

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Protocols and results of case-control studies, pooled-and meta-analyses on the relationship between mobile phone use and risk of head tumours are critically analysed, and for each study strict elements necessary for evaluating its reliability are identified and applied (see Methods). In studies funded by public bodies, blind protocols give positive results revealing cause-effect relationships between long-term latency or use of mobile phones (cellulars and cordless) and statistically significant increases of ipsilateral risk of brain gliomas and acoustic neuromas, with biological plausibility. In studies funded or co-funded by the cellphone companies non-blind protocols give overall negative results with systematic underestimation of risk; however, also in these studies a statistically significant increase in risk of ipsilateral brain gliomas, acoustic neuromas, and parotid gland tumours is quite common when only subjects with at least 10 years of latency or exposure to mobile phones (only cellulars) are considered. Informed precautionary measures are therefore recommended as a step towards reducing risk of head tumours, especially for young people and those making intense use of cellular and cordless phones.

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“…This concern especially applies to long-term use and use by children (1). It is necessary to perform a large number of studies because the effects microwave radiation from cell phones have on human organisms are still unclear (2,3,4). To understand the mechanisms of action of microwave radiation from mobile phones on biological systems, a simulator of mobile phone radiation (SZMT-QUAD 2010) was created.…”

Section: Milorad Milošev 1 Milan Novakovićmentioning

confidence: 99%