The controls on the composition of biodegraded oils in the deep subsurface—part 1: biodegradation rates in petroleum reservoirs

Larter, Stephen R.; Wilhelms, A.; Head, Ian M.; Koopmans, Martin P.; Aplin, Andrew C.; Primio, Rolando di; Zwach, C.; Erdmann, Michael; Telnæs, N.

doi:10.1016/s0146-6380(02)00240-1

Cited by 320 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…With regard to the cleavage mechanism of weak C-S bond, it can occur for the bridge bond among macro-molecular under the thermal maturation or microbial attack (Larter et al, 2003). However, it is unimaginable for the cleavage of C-S bond of thiophene ring with high bond energy (539 kJ/mol) in some specific compounds such as sulfurcontaining steroids.…”

Section: Formation Pathway Of Sulfur-containing Steroids and The Hydrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and formation of sulfur-containing steroids in sulfur-rich heavy oils in the Jinxian Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, North China

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2013

Sci. China Earth Sci.

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High abundant sulfur-containing steroids were identified and detected in saturate hydrocarbon fractions of heavy oil with a high sulfur content in the Jinxian Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, North China. These sulfur-containing steroids were structurally merged into the D-ring of steroid nucleus with thiophene ring and/or combined into the C-22 in the side-chain. Based on the previous reports of sulfur-containing steroids with methylthio-steroids and intra-molecular form, four formation mechanisms of sulfur-containing steroids and diagenetic pathway of steroids under S-rich conditions were proposed in this paper according to the double bond positions in the sterene compounds. Hydrogenation and sulfurization both occurred in the diagenetic processes of olefinic bond in the side-chain of steroids: abiogenic chemical hydrogenation of H 2 S and HS -leads to the formation of regular steranes; a successful sulfurization process leads to the formation of the side-chain sulfur-containing steroids whereas unsuccessful cyclization and/or sulfurization result in the generation of short-chain steranes. This kind of mechanism of hydrogenation/sulfurization of side-chain olefinic bond provides a potential genesis clue for the occurrence of high abundance of short-chain steranes (higher than the common regular steroids, phytane and n-alkanes) in S-rich heavy oils and source rocks in the Jinxian Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, North China. sulfur-containing steroids, short-chain steranes, sulfurization, hydrogenation, C-S bond, H 2 S, Jinxian Sag Citation:Lu H, Wang Q T, Jiang L X, et al. Identification and formation of sulfur-containing steroids in sulfur-rich heavy oils in the Jinxian Sag, Bohai Bay

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Section: Formation Pathway Of Sulfur-containing Steroids and The Hydrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and formation of sulfur-containing steroids in sulfur-rich heavy oils in the Jinxian Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, North China

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2013

Sci. China Earth Sci.

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“…Geochemical and isotopic evidence also suggests that in many cases the end product of hydrocarbon degradation in petroleum reservoirs is methane (Scott et al, 1994;Larter et al, 1999;Sweeney and Taylor, 1999;Pallasser, 2000;Boreham et al, 2001;Masterson et al, 2001). Compositional gradients in oil columns towards the underlying water leg in biodegraded petroleum reservoirs suggests that the oil water transition zone is the primary site of biodegradation in petroleum reservoirs Larter et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic constraints on methanogenic crude oil biodegradation

2007

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Methanogenic degradation of crude oil hydrocarbons is an important process in subsurface petroleum reservoirs and anoxic environments contaminated with petroleum. There are several possible routes whereby hydrocarbons may be converted to methane: (i) complete oxidation of alkanes to H 2 and CO 2 , linked to methanogenesis from CO 2 reduction; (ii) oxidation of alkanes to acetate and H 2 , linked to acetoclastic methanogenesis and CO 2 reduction; (iii) oxidation of alkanes to acetate and H 2 , linked to syntrophic acetate oxidation and methanogenesis from CO 2 reduction; (iv) oxidation of alkanes to acetate alone, linked to acetoclastic methanogenesis and (v) oxidation of alkanes to acetate alone, linked to syntrophic acetate oxidation and methanogenesis from CO 2 reduction. We have developed the concept of a 'window of opportunity' to evaluate the range of conditions under which each route is thermodynamically feasible. On this basis the largest window of opportunity is presented by the oxidation of alkanes to acetate alone, linked to acetoclastic methanogenesis. This contradicts field-based evidence that indicates that in petroleum rich environments acetoclastic methanogenesis is inhibited and that methanogenic CO 2 reduction is the predominant methanogenic process. Our analysis demonstrates that under those biological constraints oxidation of alkanes to acetate and H 2 , linked to syntrophic acetate oxidation and methanogenesis from CO 2 reduction offers a greater window of opportunity than complete oxidation of alkanes to H 2 and CO 2 linked to methanogenic CO 2 reduction, and hence is the process most likely to occur.

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“…The degradation grade according to the Peters and Moldowan (1993) design is at 5th degree, qualified by the lack of n-alkanes and iso-alkanes. Generally, the degree/ level of biodegradation severity from 5th level (heavy) to 9th level (severe) as point out by variations between the biomarker compounds (Bennet and Larter 2008;Larter et al 2003). However, it has also applications in solid bitumen as well (Dumitrescu et al 2004;George et al 2007).…”

Section: Alteration Degree Of Karadere Oil Seep (Solid Bitumen)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrocarbon generation potential of late cretaceous shales and carbonates in Hekimhan basin and genetic relationships with Karadere oil seep (Eastern Anatolia Region, Turkey)

Erik

2018

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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In this study, Karadere oil seep (solid bitumen) and Late Cretaceous shales and carbonate levels of the Hekimhan Formation in Hekimhan Basin are compared genetically by means of organic-geochemical data. Investigated shale samples have generally low (< 0.5%) the total organic carbon values (TOC, wt%) and there is no petroleum and gas source-rock potential; however, the amount (0.11-5.92%) and type (type II-III kerogen) of organic matter within limestone are consistent for source-rock potential. On the basis of average T max (433 °C) and 0.53% R 0 values, the investigated samples are at the immature and early mature level for hydrocarbon generation. According to biomarker data, the bitumen is pre-Cretaceous in age, highly reducing conditions, formed in a marine depositional environment at normal salinity, and under the influence of high bacterial activity, and was originate from an immature carbonate source rock. These geochemical data are highly in agreement with the late Cretaceous limestone of the Hekimhan Formation, and these rocks may be considered the source rock of the solid bitumen. However, these organic richness zones formed from non-indigenous organic material, and therefore, it is concluded that this seepage which generates from non-indigenous organic materials cannot be due to the limestone at the evaluated level. On the basis of organic-geochemical evaluations, it has been concluded that, in Hekimhan Basin, some hydrocarbons developed in deeper, more mature intervals of the limestone, and that these were migrated probably only a short distance within the basin and became really surfaced in relation to tension fractures.

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The controls on the composition of biodegraded oils in the deep subsurface—part 1: biodegradation rates in petroleum reservoirs

Cited by 320 publications

References 34 publications

Identification and formation of sulfur-containing steroids in sulfur-rich heavy oils in the Jinxian Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, North China

Identification and formation of sulfur-containing steroids in sulfur-rich heavy oils in the Jinxian Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, North China

Thermodynamic constraints on methanogenic crude oil biodegradation

Hydrocarbon generation potential of late cretaceous shales and carbonates in Hekimhan basin and genetic relationships with Karadere oil seep (Eastern Anatolia Region, Turkey)

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