The Control of Rubber in World War II

Abstract

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Ethanol-to-butadiene: the reaction and its catalysts

“…In response, the U.S. invested heavily in emergency synthetic rubber research. 7,20,[26][27][28][29][30] In 1939, the American government launched a synthetic rubber program in partnership with industry and academe with the aim of expanding the U.S. synthetic rubber industry. 20,30,31 It also sponsored research on the catalytic conversion of ethanol to butadiene to meet the demand for the monomer.…”

“…Mini review layered hydrous crystalline magnesium silicates-had on the catalytic activity of MgO-SiO 2 . 255 By relatively quantifying each group within various MgO-SiO 2 samples using 1 H- 29 Si CP/MAS-NMR, the authors were able to correlate specific structures with catalytic activity. The butadiene yield directly correlated with the relative amount of layered hydrous magnesium silicates, i.e., talc, stevensite, and lizardite (Fig.…”

“…Fig 29. Visual representation of the different active sites on MgO-SiO 2 catalysts theorized to participate in the ethanol-to-butadiene reaction.…”

A State of Underdevelopment: Sovereignty, Nation-Building and Labor in Liberia 1898–1961

“…With Japan occupying rubber-producing areas in Southeast Asia, the Liberian plantations were vital to the continued war effort. 95 As a result, the following year the US government signed a defence pact with Liberia, committing to further development of transport infrastructure; Robertsfield Airport was built with runways long enough to land B-47 bombers. 96 Roosevelt visited Liberia in 1943 after the Casablanca Conference and inspected the US troops stationed there, who comprised some of the few racially integrated units.…”