Trends in alloy development, alloy production and casting technique are reviewed in relation to material requirements for gas turbine components. In alloy development, improvements in strength and temperature capability are still sought, but depending on the application, emphasis is placed increasingly on other aspects, including density, melting point, ductility, impact strength, fatigue strength, thermal endurance, resistance to oxidation and hot-corrosion, castability, coatability, weldability, stability of properties in service, reproducibility of properties, alloy cost and availability. Investigations aimed at improving such characteristics and obtaining an acceptable balance of properties are outlined. Vacuum melting, now well established in alloy production, and vacuum casting, improve the reliability of components by increasing cleanliness and have further promoted the development of strong alloys. Control of grain size is regularly achieved in investment casting, and attention is also being given to directional solidification and single crystal growth, with significant improvement in mechanical properties in some instances. Attention is drawn to the use in this paper of the following trademarks and tradenames: ‘Nimonic’, ‘Nimocast’, ‘Udimet’, ‘Mar-M’, ‘Nicrotung’, and ‘Airesist’.