The contributions of genetics and genomics to occupational safety and health

Schulte, P A

doi:10.1136/oem.2006.030619

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Novel components of this updated risk assessment include an attempt to identify genetically based biomarkers of exposure, disease and susceptibility. This is consistent with NIOSH efforts to incorporate genetics and genomics into the field of occupational health (Schulte, 2007) and the goals of the Manganese Health Research Program (Aschner et al, 2006). This report explains the risk assessment process and discusses the steps required to move from epidemiological data to enforceable standards and the many challenges along the way.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Incorporating genetics and genomics in risk assessment for inhaled manganese: From data to policy

Curran

Park

et al. 2009

NeuroToxicology

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Manganese is an essential nutrient, and a healthy human with good liver and kidney function can easily excrete excess dietary manganese. Inhaled manganese is a greater concern, because it bypasses the body’s normal homeostatic mechanisms and can accumulate in the brain. Prolonged exposure to high manganese concentrations (>1 mg/m3) in air leads to a Parkinsonian syndrome known as “manganism.” Of greatest concern are recent studies which indicate that neurological and neurobehavioral deficits can occur when workers are exposed to much lower levels (<0.2 mg/m3) of inhaled manganese in welding fumes. Consequently, researchers at NIOSH are conducting a risk assessment for inhaled manganese. Novel components of this risk assessment include an attempt to quantify the range of inter-individual differences using data generated by the Human Genome Project and experimental work to identify genetically based biomarkers of exposure, disease and susceptibility. The difficulties involved in moving from epidemiological and in vivo data to health-based quantitative risk assessment and ultimately enforceable government standards are discussed.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Incorporating genetics and genomics in risk assessment for inhaled manganese: From data to policy

Curran

Park

et al. 2009

NeuroToxicology

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“…Genetic monitoring highlights the confusion that exists between individual and group risk assessment. Unlike other monitoring methods, the risks linked to cytogenetic changes are interpretable only for a group, not for an individual [Schulte 2007;Murray 1983;Lappe 1983].…”

Section: Executive Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics in the workplace: implications for occupational safety and health.

2009

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“…Occupational settings provide a “natural” cohort of exposed and control populations by virtue of the workplace setting (i.e., coal mine vs. office workers). With the evolution of molecular or genetic epidemiology, occupational exposure assessments now consider the threshold of acceptable risk conferred by the prevalence of specific genetic biomarkers among the general population [ 31 , 32 ]. The identification of biomarkers that increase the probability of disease occurrence has global implications in protecting worker safety and health.…”

Section: The Emerging Role Of Genetics In the Etiology Of Occupationally-related Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Gene-Environment Interactions in the Development of Complex Disease Phenotypes

Ramos

Olden

2008

IJERPH

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The lack of knowledge about the earliest events in disease development is due to the multi-factorial nature of disease risk. This information gap is the consequence of the lack of appreciation for the fact that most diseases arise from the complex interactions between genes and the environment as a function of the age or stage of development of the individual. Whether an environmental exposure causes illness or not is dependent on the efficiency of the so-called “environmental response machinery” (i.e., the complex of metabolic pathways that can modulate response to environmental perturbations) that one has inherited. Thus, elucidating the causes of most chronic diseases will require an understanding of both the genetic and environmental contribution to their etiology. Unfortunately, the exploration of the relationship between genes and the environment has been hampered in the past by the limited knowledge of the human genome, and by the inclination of scientists to study disease development using experimental models that consider exposure to a single environmental agent. Rarely in the past were interactions between multiple genes or between genes and environmental agents considered in studies of human disease etiology. The most critical issue is how to relate exposure-disease association studies to pathways and mechanisms. To understand how genes and environmental factors interact to perturb biological pathways to cause injury or disease, scientists will need tools with the capacity to monitor the global expression of thousands of genes, proteins and metabolites simultaneously. The generation of such data in multiple species can be used to identify conserved and functionally significant genes and pathways involved in gene-environment interactions. Ultimately, it is this knowledge that will be used to guide agencies such as the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services in decisions regarding biomedical research funding and policy.

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The contributions of genetics and genomics to occupational safety and health

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Incorporating genetics and genomics in risk assessment for inhaled manganese: From data to policy

Incorporating genetics and genomics in risk assessment for inhaled manganese: From data to policy

Genetics in the workplace: implications for occupational safety and health.

Gene-Environment Interactions in the Development of Complex Disease Phenotypes

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