The contribution of vowel duration, F0 contour, and frication duration as cues to the/juz/-/jus/distinction

Derr, Marcia A.; Massaro, Dominic W.

doi:10.3758/bf03199906

Cited by 38 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…The results of Experiments 1 and 2, the work of Lehiste (Note 3), and the recent findings of Derr and Massaro (1980)all provide support for the hypothesis that FO contour can serve as a cue for postvocalic voicing, presumably through its mediating effect on the perceived duration of the preceding vowel. However, since both of the present experiments, as well as Lehiste's and Derr and Massaro's, used synthesized speech, they do not directly address the question of whether the FO cue is actually deployed systematically by listeners in producing these contrasts.…”

Section: Results Anddiscussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…After Experiment 2 had been completed, a recent experiment by Derr and Massaro (1980) came to our attention. Derr and Massaro had subjects identify noun and verb forms of the word "use"-/jus/ and / juz/, respectively.…”

Section: Results Anddiscussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Derr and Massaro (1980) found that both rising and falling contours biased the perception of postvocalic consonants toward the voiced alternative. Similarly, studies of perceived vowel duration have found that falling, rising, falling-rising, and rising-falling FO contours all result in the perception of the vowel as longer than a comparable vowel with a monotone FO (Lehiste, 1976; Pisoni, Note 1; Wang et aI., Note 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fundamental frequency as a cue to postvocalic consonantal voicing: Some data from speech perception and production

Gruenenfelder

Pisoni

1980

Perception & Psychophysics

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Several recent studies by Lehiste have reported that changes in fundamental frequency (FO) can serve as a cue to perceived vowel length and, furthermore, that the perceived lengthening of the vowel can influence perception of the voicing feature of stop consonants in syllable-final position. In Experiment 1, we replicated Lehiste's basic results for stop consonants in final position. Experiment 2 extended these results to postvocalic fricatives. The final consonant in syllables of intermediate vowel duration was more often perceived as voiced when FO was falling than when FO was monotone. In Experiment 3, we examined the FO contours produced by eight talkers before postvocalic stop consonants and fricatives in natural speech for minimal pairs of words differing in voicing. The amount of change of FO over the vowel was no greater before voiced than voiceless consonants, suggesting that the earlier perceptual effects cannot be explained by appealing to regularities observed in the production of FO contours in vowels preceding postvocalic consonants.Recently, several investigators have observed that perceived vowel duration can be influenced by the fundamental frequency (FO) contour of the vowel (e.g., Lehiste, 1976; Pisoni, Note 1; Wang, Lehiste, Chang, & Darnovsky, Note 2). In particular, vowels with a changing FO were found to be perceived as longer than vowels with a monotone PO. The direction of change seems to have little influence on this effectvowels with rising FOs and vowels with falling FOs were both perceived as longer than vowels with level FOs (Lehiste, 1976).Variations in vowel duration are known to have at least two important effects on phoneme identification. First, vowel duration systematically influences the identification of the vowel itself (e.g., Stevens, 1959). Two vowels with identical formant frequencies but different durations are frequently identified as different vowels. This effect is particularly strong for the IE.! (short vowel)-Iael (long vowel) distinction. Second, vowel duration has been shown to affect the perception of voicing of a following consonant (e.g., Denes, 1954). A consonant following a long vowel is more likely to be perceived as voiced This paper is a substantially expanded version of a paper delivered by the first author at the 97th meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, June 12·17, 1979, Cambridge, Massachusetts. The research reported here was supported by NIMH Research Grant MH-24027 to Indiana University. Requests for reprints should be sent to either Thomas M. Gruenenfelder, who is now at Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, New Jersey 07133, or David B. Pisoni, Department of Psychology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405.than an acoustically identical consonant following the same vowel of shorter duration.Vowel duration, then, can serve as a phonemic cue. Because the FO contour affects perceived vowel duration, it seems reasonable to suppose that the FO contour over a syllable can also serve as a phonemic cue. In particular, placing a contour on the FO ...

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Section: Results Anddiscussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Results Anddiscussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fundamental frequency as a cue to postvocalic consonantal voicing: Some data from speech perception and production

Gruenenfelder

Pisoni

1980

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…However, Cohen (1977, 1983) showed that this cue is invalid, when the results are analyzed in the manner developed in this article. A model based on C/V ratio gives a much poorer description of existing results than does a model based on the assumption of independent consonant and vowel duration cues (Derr & Massaro, 1980). Thus, the research strategy developed here not only addresses how different sources of information are evaluated and integrated, it can uncover what sources of information are actually used.…”

Section: Information Manipulation Versus Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Models of integration given multiple sources of information.

Massaro¹,

Friedman²

1990

Psychological Review

Self Cite

218

205

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Several models of information integration are developed and analyzed within the context ofa prototypical pattern-recognition task. The central concerns are whether the models prescribe maximally efficient (optimal) integration and to what extent the models are psychologically valid. Evaluation, integration, and decision processes are specified for each model. Important features are whether evaluation is noisy, whether integration follows Bayes's theorem, and whether decision consists of a criterion rule or a relative goodness rule. Simulations of the models and predictions of the results by the same models are carried out to provide a measure of identifiability or the extent to which the models can be distinguished from one another. The models are also contrasted against empirical results from tasks with 2 and 4 response alternatives and with graded responses. Conceptual FrameworkThere is a growing consensus that behavior reflects the influence of multiple sources of information. Auditory and visual perception, reading and speech perception, and decision making and judgment are modulated by a wide variety of influences (Anderson, 1981;Bruno & Cutting, 1988;Falmagne, 1985;Massaro, 1987aMassaro, , 1988aOden, 1981; Perkell & Klatt, 1986;Welch & Warren, 1980). Until only recently, psychological inquiry was aimed at studying the relationship between behavior and a given single source independently of other sources of information. The common strategy was to eliminate or to hold constant all potential sources of information except the source of interest. This research strategy was most apparent in psychophysics but was also pervasive in perception, memory, and learning.The single-factor experiment was the dominant mode of investigation when one-dimensional functional relationships were the primary goal. Trying to understand behavior when multiple sources of information are available poses additional problems. Factorial experiments seem to be the most promising approach, and we have witnessed immense methodological and theoretical progress in this domain. Specifically, the additivefactor method developed by Sternberg (1969) and Anderson's (1970Anderson's ( , 1981 functional measurement are milestones that will not be easily surpassed. Without these methodologies, there would have been a plethora of idle psychologists in the last couple of decades. True, Fisher (1935) bequeathed the statistical tools for factorial designs long before Anderson, Sternberg, andThe writing of this article was supported, in part, by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (NINCDS Grant 20314), a grant from the National Science Foundation (BNS 8812728), and a James McKeen Cattell Fellowship to Dominic W. Massaro; and by a grant from the National Science Foundation (IRI 8812798) to Daniel Friedman.We thank Michael M. Cohen, Yoshihisa Kashima, Roger Shepard, James Townsend, and an anonymous reviewer for their comments.Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Dominic W. Massaro, Department of Psychology, University of...

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“…Individual members of each of these continua were then embedded in both the fast and the slow carrier sentences. (Derr & Massaro, 1980;Port, 1979). Port (1979), for example, found that changes in the tempo of a preceding carrier sentence changed the perceptual boundary along a continuum of closure durations for rabid vs. rapid.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consonant/vowel ratio as a cue for voicing in English

Port

Dalby

1982

Perception & Psychophysics

142

121

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Several experiments investigate voicing judgments in minimal pairs like rabid-rapid when the duration of the first vowel and the medial stop are varied factorially and other cues for voicing remain ambiguous. In Experiments 1 and 2, in which synthetic labial and velar-stop voicing pairs are investigated, the perceptual boundary along a continuum of silent consonant durations varies in constant proportion to increases in the duration of the preceding vocalic interval.In Experiment 3, it is shown that speaking tempo external to the test word has far smaller effects on a closure duration boundary for voicing than does the tempo within the test word. Experiment 4 shows that, even within the word, it is primarily the preceding vowel that accounts for changes in the consonant duration effects. Furthermore, in Experiments 3 and 4, the effects of timing outside the vowel-consonant interval are independent of the duration of that interval itself. These findings suggest that consonant/vowel ratio serves as a primary acoustic cue for English voicing in syllable-final position and imply that this ratio possibly is directly extracted from the speech signal.Twenty-five years ago, Denes (1955) reported an interesting phenomenon regarding the perception of phonological voicing by English listeners. He found that a voiceless final fricative in a synthetically constructed monosyllable could be heard as having either the plus or minus value of the English voicing feature, depending on the relative duration of the vowel and final fricative itself for words like his and hiss.

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The contribution of vowel duration, F0 contour, and frication duration as cues to the/juz/-/jus/distinction

Cited by 38 publications

References 21 publications

Fundamental frequency as a cue to postvocalic consonantal voicing: Some data from speech perception and production

Fundamental frequency as a cue to postvocalic consonantal voicing: Some data from speech perception and production

Models of integration given multiple sources of information.

Consonant/vowel ratio as a cue for voicing in English

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