The contribution of two Brazilian multi-center studies to the assessment of HIV and HCV infection and prevention strategies among injecting drug users: the AjUDE-Brasil I and II Projects

Caiaffa, Waleska Teixeira; Bastos, Francisco Inácio; Freitas, Lívia Leite de; Mingoti, Sueli Aparecida; Proietti, Fernando Augusto; Carneiro-Proietti, Anna Bárbara de Freitas; Gandolfi, Denise; Doneda, Denise

doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2006000400016

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…These results are in accordance with those of other reports showing higher HCV prevalence among prisoners and ex-convicts (Hwang et al 2000, Caiaffa et al 2006, Oliveira et al 2009a. Notably, two-thirds of the study participants had a record of imprisonment, thus highlighting the pitfalls of this activity and its consequences.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…When this group was considered separately, HCV infection prevalence increased to 33%, which agrees with other reports that describe ranges from 37-98% (Stark et al 1995, Garfein et al 1996, Rodríguez et al 1998, Matheï et al 2002. Two multicentre studies (AJUDE-Brazil I and II) that assessed chronic blood-borne infections in intravenous drug users in cities from the Brazilian Southeast, Northeast and Southern Regions reported anti-HCV antibody prevalence ranging from 52-61% (Caiaffa et al 2006, Zocratto et al 2006. The lower HCV prevalence found in the present study could be explained by differences among the intravenous drug users' behaviour from each region or city.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Likely, the limited intravenous drug user sample size in this study may have rendered such an association as statistically insignificant. Other Brazilian studies have shown that a longer duration of intravenous drug use is associated with a higher HCV infection rate (Caiaffa et al 2006, Oliveira et al 2009a.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The lower HCV prevalence found in the present study could be explained by differences among the intravenous drug users' behaviour from each region or city. Another possibility is that the Caiaffa et al (2006) and Zocratto et al (2006) reports showed results from cross-sectional studies conducted until 2001. Since the present survey was performed in 2007, a decline in needle sharing and injection frequency as well as increased educational measures may have contributed to a decreased risk exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection and associated factors among male illicit drug users in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Novais

Lopes

Reis³

et al. 2009

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Intravenous drug injection has been reported as the main risk factor for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The aim of the present study was to describe the prevalence and the epidemiological profile of HCV infection among abusers of illegal injected and non-injected drugs in 5%). Logistic regression analyses showed independent associations between HCV infection and intravenous drug use, imprisonment and increasing age. In the present study, inject-, imprisonment and increasing age. In the present study, injecting drug use was the factor most strongly associated to HCV infection and inhaling or sniffing did not represent an increased susceptibility to infection.Key words: epidemiology -hepatitis C virus -illicit drug users -HCV prevalence -HCV epidemiology Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a common cause of liver disease and a major public health issue worldwide (Kew et al. 2004, Scheinmann et al. 2007. HCV is transmitted efficiently via the parenteral route, whereas transmission is less common due to sexual or perinatal contact. Estimates indicate that there are ~170 million people infected worldwide. In the West, the HCV-positive population ranges from less than 1-2% (Shepard et al. 2005).HCV is characterised by a high genetic variability and is classified into six major genotypes. Genotype 1 is the most prevalent worldwide, followed by genotypes 3 and 2 (Sablon & Shapiro 2004). In most Brazilian regions, genotype 1 is the etiologic agent in 60-75% of HCV infections (Paraná et al. 2000, Campiotto et al. 2005. Genotype 3 is the second-most prevalent strain and genotype 2 constitutes less than 5% of cases.Intravenous drug users are considered to be the main risk group for HCV infection and act as a reservoir for this blood-borne virus. Prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies among intravenous drug users ranges from 31-98% around the world and increases proportionally according to the duration of intravenous drug use (Memon & Memon 2002). Generally, genotypes 3a and 1a have been found more frequently in this group (Stark et al. 1995, Lanternier et al. 2007.The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of HCV infection and the main genotypes circulating among illicit drug users in the capital of the state of Mato Grosso (MT), Cuiabá, Central Brazil. We also tried to identify factors associated with HCV infection in this population. PATIENTS, MATERIALS AND METHODSA cross-sectional study was designed in order to assess illicit drug users (injecting and non-injecting) who are or have been receiving treatment either during day visits or while staying in rehabilitation centres in the city of Cuiabá in 2007.The eight main centres offering this service were included. A peculiarity of all of these centres is that they only treat male patients. Thus, female patients were not included. Four other centres that had a small number of individuals in treatment were not visited due to access and logistical difficulties.The volunteers were approached in their respective treatment centres. Those who agreed to participate were interviewed...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection and associated factors among male illicit drug users in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Novais

Lopes

Reis³

et al. 2009

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…In the south of the country, the epidemics among injecting drug users appear not to be abating (Hacker et al, 2006). Meanwhile, a cross-sectional study in the states of Bahia, Rio Grande do Sul and Sao Paulo, has found that 37% of injecting drug users were infected with HIV, and those infection levels were significantly associated with incarceration and having unprotected sex with other men (Caiaffa et al, 2006). In the latter study, more than one quarter (26%) of the injecting drug users reported having unprotected sex with other men, apparently as a means of financing their drug use.…”

Section: Outbreaks Of Hiv Are Occurring Among Injecting Drug Users Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grand challenges in chronic non-communicable diseases

Daar

Сингер

Persad

et al. 2007

Nature

553

379

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Hepatitis C in key populations in Latin America and the Caribbean: systematic review and meta-analysis

Alonso

Gutzman

Mazín

et al. 2015

Int J Public Health

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ObjectivesSummarize hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence in injecting (IDU) and non-injecting drug users (NIDU), men who have sex with men (MSM), sex workers, and prison inmates in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC).MethodsSystematic review on HCV prevalence in sub-populations in LAC. Databases searched from 1-1-2000 to 10-30-2013. Inclusion criteria: prevalence studies in sub-populations in LAC. HCV-antibody was marker for prevalence of current/past HCV infection and HCV-RNA for prevalence of HCV current infection.ResultsIDU HCV current/past infection presented highest prevalence, from 1.7 % in Colombia to over 95 % in Ciudad Juarez and Tijuana, Mexico and pooled regional anti-HCV prevalence was 49 % (CI 95 % 22.6–76.3 %). NIDU, MSM and sex workers anti-HCV prevalence was below 10 %, and pooled regional prevalence of 4 % (CI 95 % 2.6–4.5 %), 3 % (CI 95 % 1.7–4.5 %) and 2 % (CI 95 % 1.0–3.4 %), respectively. Prison inmates presented higher values, but prevalence decreased over the 15-year time span (p < 0.001). Current HCV infection from three countries showed prevalence under 10 % in prison inmates and 1–46 % among drug users.ConclusionsDisease burden is high and surveillance, prevention and treatment should target these groups in LAC.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00038-015-0708-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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The contribution of two Brazilian multi-center studies to the assessment of HIV and HCV infection and prevention strategies among injecting drug users: the AjUDE-Brasil I and II Projects

Abstract: Abstract

Cited by 25 publications

References 15 publications

Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection and associated factors among male illicit drug users in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection and associated factors among male illicit drug users in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Grand challenges in chronic non-communicable diseases

Hepatitis C in key populations in Latin America and the Caribbean: systematic review and meta-analysis

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