Adopted by the UN General Assembly in 2015, the 2030 Agenda pledges to leave no one behind through the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 169 targets ratified by the international community to address the global challenges of our time. This framework and universal action plan articulates the inclusion of the indigenous peoples in the social, economic, and environmental dimensions of sustainable development. Nonetheless, the world's largest inhabitants of indigenous peoples are in Asia. However, despite the affirmation of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP), the concept of indigeneity is still controversial, politically contested, and considered immaterial by many states in the Asian region. With limited rights and inadequate access to social services, the indigenous knowledge systems and practices has evolved through time to provide solutions to local problems that sustained many marginalised communities. This article revisits the socio-political notion of indigeneity in the region and its implications to the indigenous community. It also explores the diversity of indigenous knowledge systems and traditional practices and its relevance on the SDGs particularly on food security, community livelihoods, human well-being, natural resources management, and biodiversity conservation. The conclusion reflects the need for legitimate recognition and political enablement of indigenous peoples in the implementation of 2030 Agenda by forging collaborations between academic researchers, policy-makers, and indigenous organizations in the Asian community.