The Contribution of Oculomotor Functions to Rates of Visual Information Processing in Younger and Older Adults

Ebaid, Deena

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-66773-5

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Results revealed that older adults were overall less accurate than younger adults, which confirms previous findings from studies that used simple arrays of visual objects 15 , 85 as well as from studies using more naturalistic stimuli 48 , 49 . An overall drop in change detection performance due to age was expected, given that reductions in processing speed and cognitive functioning are known to accompany healthy aging 4 , 50 , 51 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Similar mechanisms of temporary bindings for identity and location of objects in healthy ageing: an eye-tracking study with naturalistic scenes

D’Innocenzo

Sala

Coco

2022

Sci Rep

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The ability to maintain visual working memory (VWM) associations about the identity and location of objects has at times been found to decrease with age. To date, however, this age-related difficulty was mostly observed in artificial visual contexts (e.g., object arrays), and so it is unclear whether it may manifest in naturalistic contexts, and in which ways. In this eye-tracking study, 26 younger and 24 healthy older adults were asked to detect changes in a critical object situated in a photographic scene (192 in total), about its identity (the object becomes a different object but maintains the same position), location (the object only changes position) or both (the object changes in location and identity). Aging was associated with a lower change detection performance. A change in identity was harder to detect than a location change, and performance was best when both features changed, especially in younger adults. Eye movements displayed minor differences between age groups (e.g., shorter saccades in older adults) but were similarly modulated by the type of change. Latencies to the first fixation were longer and the amplitude of incoming saccades was larger when the critical object changed in location. Once fixated, the target object was inspected for longer when it only changed in identity compared to location. Visually salient objects were fixated earlier, but saliency did not affect any other eye movement measures considered, nor did it interact with the type of change. Our findings suggest that even though aging results in lower performance, it does not selectively disrupt temporary bindings of object identity, location, or their association in VWM, and highlight the importance of using naturalistic contexts to discriminate the cognitive processes that undergo detriment from those that are instead spared by aging.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Similar mechanisms of temporary bindings for identity and location of objects in healthy ageing: an eye-tracking study with naturalistic scenes

D’Innocenzo

Sala

Coco

2022

Sci Rep

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“…Many older adults require longer response time than younger adults to detect, discriminate, recognise or identify visual targets 26 , 54 . As demonstrated by Ebaid and Crewther 55 implicated in visually-driven cognitive tasks is oculomotor function, whose temporal parameters vary: in older observers, saccade durations are significantly longer than in younger observers, which affects efficient attentional processing of a stimulus and, thus, requires longer inspection time for accurate performance. The authors also conjecture that a pattern of visual fixations and their durations in older adults suggest utilising slightly different temporal strategies that, too, contribute to slower processing of complex visual stimuli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromatic discrimination measures in mature observers depend on the response window

Fars

Fernandes

Huchzermeyer

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Our past anecdotal evidence prompted that a longer response window (RW) in the Trivector test (Cambridge Colour Test) improved mature observers’ estimates of chromatic discrimination. Here, we systematically explored whether RW variation affects chromatic discrimination thresholds measured by the length of Protan, Deutan and Tritan vectors. We employed the Trivector test with three RWs: 3 s, 5 s, and 8 s. Data of 30 healthy normal trichromats were stratified as age groups: ‘young’ (20–29 years), ‘middle-aged’ (31–48 years), and ‘mature’ (57–64 years). We found that for the ‘young’ and ‘middle-aged’, the thresholds were comparable at all tested RWs. However, the RW effect was apparent for the ‘mature’ observers: their Protan and Tritan thresholds decreased at 8-s RW compared to 3-s RW; moreover, their Tritan threshold decreased at 5-s RW compared to 3-s RW. Elevated discrimination thresholds at shorter RWs imply that for accurate performance, older observers require longer stimulus exposure and are indicative of ageing effects manifested by an increase in critical processing duration. Acknowledging low numbers in our ‘middle-aged’ and ‘mature’ samples, we consider our study as pilot. Nonetheless, our findings encourage us to advocate a RW extension in the Trivector protocol for testing mature observers, to ensure veridical measures of their chromatic discrimination by disentangling these from other ageing effects—slowing down of both motor responses and visual processing.

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“…Rapid Automatic Naming (RAN) is an experimental paradigm adopted from Ebaid and Crewther's study that measures rapid letter naming. 37 Participants were asked to read aloud a 6 × 5 array of letters as fast and accurately as possible in 60 s. The total correct score and total errors were computed as separate measures of rapid naming speed and accuracy, respectively. Furthermore, the Chinese Vocabulary Test (CVT) was used to measure Chinese word knowledge.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal processing tele-intervention improves language, attention, and memory in children with neurodevelopmental disorders

Chan,

Sze,

Cheung

2023

DIGITAL HEALTH

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Objective Temporal processing is the brain's ability to process rapid successive stimuli, and children with neurodevelopmental disorders showed temporal processing deficits. Empirical evidence suggests that in-person intervention on temporal processing improves various cognitive functions of these children, and the present study aimed to study the effects of temporal processing tele-intervention (TPT) on the cognitive functions of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Methods Ninety-five children with neurodevelopmental disorders were recruited and randomly assigned to remotely receive either TPT or conventional language remediation (CLR) in 20 parallel group-based intervention sessions once per week. Their cognitive functions were assessed before and after the intervention. Results The TPT group demonstrated a specific and significant improvement in working memory ( p < .001). While there was an overall significant improvement in sustained attention in terms of processing speed after both types of intervention ( p = .006), the positive effects of TPT might be more prominent than that of CLR given the significant pre–post difference after receiving TPT ( p = .012) but not CLR ( p = .21). Regarding rapid naming accuracy which had marginally significant improvement after the intervention ( p = .03), the trend of improvement in TPT ( p = .05) also seemed more apparent than that of CLR ( p = .18). Finally, the TPT group had significant improvement in word knowledge ( p < .001), rapid naming speed ( p < .001), sustained attention in terms of accuracy ( p < .001), and verbal learning and memory ( p < .01) to an extent similar to that of the CLR group. Conclusions These findings suggest that TPT can be a potential intervention for improving cognitive functions in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Clinical trial registration number: NCT05428657 at ClinicalTrials.gov ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ ).

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The Contribution of Oculomotor Functions to Rates of Visual Information Processing in Younger and Older Adults

Cited by 3 publications

References 83 publications

Similar mechanisms of temporary bindings for identity and location of objects in healthy ageing: an eye-tracking study with naturalistic scenes

Similar mechanisms of temporary bindings for identity and location of objects in healthy ageing: an eye-tracking study with naturalistic scenes

Chromatic discrimination measures in mature observers depend on the response window

Temporal processing tele-intervention improves language, attention, and memory in children with neurodevelopmental disorders

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