The Contribution of Lexical and Situational Knowledge to Resolving Discourse Roles: Bonding and Resolution

Garrod, Simon; Terras, Melody

doi:10.1006/jmla.1999.2694

Cited by 147 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Although synonymy (e.g., BABY INFANT) and antonymy (e.g., ORDER Integrative Priming 5 CHAOS) both elicit priming (Hodgson, 1991;McKoon & Ratcliff, 1995;Perea & Rosa, 2002 should reiterate that we are concerned here only with simple noun-noun compounds. Thus, we do not consider instances in which a target noun is integrated with an adjective (e.g., RED APPLE; Smith, Osherson, Rips, & Keane, 1988) or with a more elaborate context, such as a sentence frame, a text passage or general world knowledge (Forster, 1981;Garrod & Terras, 2000;Hagoort, Hald, Bastiaansen, & Petersson, 2004;Hess, Foss, & Carroll, 1995).…”

Section: Relational Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative priming occurs rapidly and uncontrollably during lexical processing.

Estes

Jones

2009

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

107

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Integrative Priming 2 Abstract Lexical priming, whereby a prime word facilitates recognition of a related target word (e.g., nurse doctor), is typically attributed to association strength, semantic similarity, or compound familiarity. Here we demonstrate a novel type of lexical priming that occurs among unassociated, dissimilar, and unfamiliar concepts (e.g., horse doctor). Specifically, integrative priming occurs when a prime word can be easily integrated with a target word to create a unitary representation. Across several manipulations of timing (stimulus onset asynchrony) and list context (relatedness proportion), lexical decisions for the target word were facilitated when it could be integrated with the prime word. Moreover, integrative priming was dissociated from both associative priming and semantic priming, but was comparable in terms of both prevalence (across participants) and magnitude (within-participants). This observation of integrative priming challenges current models of lexical priming, such as spreading activation, distributed representation, expectancy, episodic retrieval, and compound cue models. We suggest that integrative priming may be explained by a role activation model of relational integration. KEYWORDS: associative priming, integrative priming, lexical decision, relational integration, semantic priming, word recognition. Integrative Priming 3One of the most robust phenomena of psychology is the lexical priming effect, whereby responding to a target word is facilitated by the prior presentation of a related prime word (for extensive review see Hutchison, 2003;Lucas, 2000;McNamara, 2005;Neely, 1991). In a seminal experiment, Meyer and Schvaneveldt (1971) simultaneously presented two letter strings in a lexical decision task (LDT; i.e., word/nonword judgments). They found that related words (e.g., BREAD -BUTTER) elicited faster lexical decisions than unrelated words (e.g., NURSE -BUTTER). Since that classic demonstration (see also Meyer, Schvaneveldt & Ruddy, 1975;Tweedy, Lapinski & Schvaneveldt, 1977), researchers have distinguished two broad classes of relation between primes and targets. Association refers to a relation in language use, typically defined as the proportion of participants who produce a given target word (e.g., PEPPER) in response to a cue word (e.g., SALT) in the free association task. Similarity refers to a relation in word meaning, typically defined as the degree of feature overlap between the concepts (e.g., DOG -WOLF). Thus one may distinguish associative priming, which is based on association strength, from semantic priming, which is based on featural similarity (see e.g., Fischler, 1977;Hutchison, 2003;Lucas, 2000;McNamara, 2005;McRae & Boisvert, 1998; Moss, Ostrin, Tyler & MarslenWilson, 1995;Shelton & Martin, 1992;Thompson-Schill, Kurtz & Gabrieli, 1998). The purpose of the present study is to demonstrate and characterize another source of lexical priming that is independent of both associations and similarity. Namely, we examine the influence of relational in...

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Section: Relational Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative priming occurs rapidly and uncontrollably during lexical processing.

Estes

Jones

2009

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

107

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“…While the number of studies of reading comprehension using coarse-grained reading times is large, there have been comparatively fewer studies using more fine-grained eye movement data, especially with respect to local wordrelated processing measures (e.g., Rayner, Chace, Slattery, & Ashby, 2006;Cook & Meyers, 2004;Garrod & Terras, 2000). Ashby, Rayner, and Clifton (2005) in a recent study explored the eye movement data of average and highly skilled readers as determined by the Nelson-Denny test, a timed assessment of comprehension and vocabulary.…”

Section: Individual Variation and Top-down Effects On Eye Movementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of global top-down factors in local eye-movement control in reading

Radach

Huestegge

Reilly

2008

Psychological Research

121

123

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Although the development of the field of reading has been impressive, there are a number of issues that still require much more attention. One of these concerns the variability of skilled reading within the individual. This paper explores the topic in three ways: (1) it quantifies the extent to which, two factors, the specific reading task (comprehension vs. word verification) and the format of reading material (sentence vs. passage) influence the temporal aspects of reading as expressed in wordviewing durations; (2) it examines whether they also affect visuomotor aspects of eye-movement control; and (3) determine whether they can modulate local lexical processing. The results reveal reading as a dynamic, interactive process involving semi-autonomous modules, with top-down influences clearly evident in the eyemovement record.

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“…Since the first empirical research by Garvey and Caramazza (1974; for the first discussion see Heider, 1958), implicit causality has been widely researched within diverse areas of psychology, such as language processing and comprehension, motivation, emotion, and social behavior, among others (for an overview, see Rudolph & Förster-ling, 1997a). In psycholinguistics, for example, implicit causality is known to play a role in the comprehension of discourse, since the causal inferences are part of the general knowledge one must have access to in order to grasp the meaning of the text (see, e.g., Garrod & Terras, 2000;Kintsch, 1988Kintsch, , 1998McKoon, Greene, & Ratcliff, 1993;McKoon & Ratcliff, 1988). Likewise, research on reading comprehension has shown that implicit causality is one of the factors that must be controlled in anaphoric resolution tasks, which are difficult for a large number of readers with poor comprehension (see, e.g., Ehrlich, Remond, & Tardieu, 1999;Yuill & Oakhill, 1988).…”

Section: David Congratulated Saramentioning

confidence: 99%