The Contribution of Leaves from Different Levels within a Tomato Crop to Canopy Net Photosynthesis: An Experimental Examination of Two Canopy Models

Acock, B.; Charles-Edwards, D. A.; Fitter, D. J.; Hand, David W.; Ludwig, L. J.; Wilson, J. Warren; Withers, A. C.

doi:10.1093/jxb/29.4.815

Cited by 186 publications

(79 citation statements)

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“…Heterogeneity of light may explain why starch did not accumulate in either the terminal leaflets from S # to S & , or in the basal-pair leaflets regardless of their position on the stem, since they received only a low light intensity. Similar observations were reported by Ammerlaan et al (1986) and attributed to the fact that the upper fourth of the canopy accounts for 60% of the whole CO # assimilation (Acock et al, 1978). The general profile of LMA is similar to that reported in other experiments (Bertin & Gary, 1998).…”

Section: Short Term Changes In the Leaf Mass Per Unit Area And Carbohsupporting

confidence: 90%

Contribution of carbohydrate pools to the variations in leaf mass per area within a tomato plant

Bertin¹,

Tchamitchian²,

Baldet³

et al. 1999

New Phytologist

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The contribution of the starch and soluble carbohydrate pools to the diurnal variations of leaf mass per unit area (LMA) has been investigated in tomato leaves. A glasshouse experiment was carried out with plants pruned to two or five fruits per truss. Leaflets were sampled at sunrise, noon and sunset at different positions within the leaf (basal or terminal), and on different sympods along the stem. Carbohydrate contents and LMA were significantly higher in the terminal than in the basal leaflets, except at sunrise. During the day, differences in starch accumulation between terminal and basal leaflets increased with leaf height on the plant. Among sympods, the soluble carbohydrate content of the terminal leaflets did not vary significantly, whereas at 13.00 h the LMA was minimum in the middle of the plant and maximum at the top, and the leaf starch content significantly increased half-way up the plant. The plant fruit load had only small and non-significant effects on the LMA and carbohydrate contents. The response of LMA and carbohydrate contents to changing source activity was observed under controlled climatic conditions. The starch pool of fully expanded leaves was rapidly filled and emptied under increasing and decreasing source activity. In young expanding leaves, this pool was hardly filled during daylight. On average the soluble carbohydrates did not contribute significantly to the diurnal variations in LMA, whereas fluctuations in starch explained c. 70% and 44% of these variations in the upper and lower leaves, respectively. The results are discussed with respect to the modelling of LMA at the level of individual tomato leaves or sympods.

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Section: Short Term Changes In the Leaf Mass Per Unit Area And Carbohsupporting

confidence: 90%

Contribution of carbohydrate pools to the variations in leaf mass per area within a tomato plant

Bertin¹,

Tchamitchian²,

Baldet³

et al. 1999

New Phytologist

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“…Nos résultats appuient les travaux de Lipton (1970) et Acock et al (1978) qui ont rapporté des effets visibles du faible DPV sur le développement de la tomate, causant une réduction de la croissance, un flétrissement des tiges ou même la mort de la partie apicale. De plus Norrie et al (1994) ont conclu qu'un faible DPV (0,45 kPa) diminue de façon significative la matière sèche des feuilles des plants de tomate.…”

Section: Croissance Et Développementunclassified

“…Plusieurs études ont démontré des effets négatifs d'un faible DPV sur l'absorption des éléments nutritifs (Bakker 1990;Gislerod et Adams 1983;Guttridge et al 1981;Shear 1975), sur la croissance des plantes (Acock et al 1978;Holder et Cockshull 1990;Lipton 1970) et sur le rendement et la qualité des fruits (Holder et Cockshull 1990;Jolliet et Bailey 1992). L'absorption des éléments nutritifs du milieu de culture est directement reliée au flux d'eau dans la plante qui lui est régi par son taux d'évapotranspiration (continuum sol-plante-atmosphère).…”

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“…Toutefois, ces auteurs n'ont pas observé de variations significatives du taux de développement des feuilles et de la hauteur des plants. Par contre, sous des conditions d'humidité élevée, certains auteurs ont rapporté une réduc-tion de la croissance des plants, un flétrissement des tiges et dans certains cas la mort de la partie apicale des plants (Acock et al 1978;Lipton 1970). Un DPV et un flux de photons photosynthétiques (FPP) peu élevés réduisent également le rendement et la qualité des fruits (Jolliet et Bailey 1992).…”

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Influence du déficit de pression de vapeur et de la photopériode sur la croissance, la productivité et la composition minérale de la tomate de serre

Iraqi¹,

Gauthier²,

Dorais³

et al. 1997

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Influence du déficit de pression de vapeur et de la photopériode sur la croissance, la productivité et la composition minerale de la tomate de serre. Can. J. Plant Sci. 77: 267-272. Cette étude avait pour but de déterminer les effets de quatre scénarios de DPV et de trois photopériodes sur la croissance, le rendement et la composition minérale de plants de tomate. Pour atteindre cet objectif, une expérience factorielle a été effectuée du 28 juillet 1993 au 30 mai 1994 dans les serres de l'Envirotron de l'Université Laval, QC, Canada. Quatre traitements de DPV jour/nuit ont été étudiés 1) 0,4/0,4 kPa, 2) 0,97/0,4 kPa, 3) ajusté à un taux de transpiration de 800 ml j -1 plant -1 et 4) 0,97/0,97 kPa. Pour chacun des traitements de DPV, trois photopériodes ont été utilisées: 1) 12 h, 2) 14 h et 3) photopériode progressive selon la saison de 12 à 16 h. Le plus haut DPV a augmenté, de façon significative, les rendements totaux et vendables, la biomasse et les teneurs des feuilles en Ca, Mg, K, N et P. Les résultats obtenus avec un DPV ajusté selon les besoins de la transpiration n'ont présenté aucune différence significative comparativement à ceux obtenus avec le DPV le plus élevé. Un DPV 0,97/0,4 kPa a donné des résultats semblables à ceux obtenus avec un DPV plus faible. Les essais concernant la photopériode n'ont montré aucune différence significative. Mots clés: Déficit de pression de vapeur, tomate, Lycopersicon esculentum, biomasse, analyse minéraleIraqi, D., Gauthier, L., Dorais, M. and Gosselin, A. 1997. Influence of vapour pressure defecit and photoperiod on growth, productivity and mineral composition on greenhouse tomato. Can. J. Plant Sci. 77: 267-272. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of four vapour pressure defecits (VPD) and three photoperiods on growth, yield and mineral composition of tomato plants. A factorial experiment was conducted from 28 July 1993 to 30 May 1994 in a greenhouse at Laval University Envirotron in Québec, Canada. Four day/night VPD treatments were compared: 1) 0,4/0,4 kPa, 2) 0,97/0,4 kPa, 3) VPD adjusted to a transpiration rate of 800 mL d -1 plant -1 and 4) 0,97/0,97 kPa. For each VPD treatment, three photoperiods were used: 1) 12 h, 2) 14 h and 3) seasonal progressive photoperiod of 12 to 16 h. The highest VPD significantly increased total and marketable yield, biomass and Ca, Mg, K, N and P contents of the leaves. Results obtained with adjusting the VPD to transpiration needs showed no significant differences with those obtained with the highest VPD. Photoperiod effects were not significant.

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“…The aim of plant or crop models is to describe mathematically the increase of biomass in terms of fresh weight, dry weight, volume, and diameter as well as its progressive development in ontogeny with special reference to flowering and fruiting (Liebig 1989). Several models predict the assimilate production of a crop with reasonable accuracy for some vegetable crops (Acock et al 1978;Charles-Edwards et al 1986;Acock 1991;Jones et al 1991;Pearson 1992;Bertin & Heuvelink 1993;Dayan et al 1993;DeKoning 1994;Marcelis & Heuvelink 1999;Rosati et al 2002a). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of light and temperature on the phenology and maturation of the fruit of eggplant (Solanum melongena) grown in greenhouses

Uzun

2007

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

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This study aimed to determine relationships for the effect of light (between 3 and 7 MJ/m 2 per day) and temperature (between 12°C and 28°C) on some developmental and fruiting parameters such as days to first flowering (FD, days), flower bud number/plant (FBN/P), fruit number/plant (FN/P), mean fresh fruit weight/plant (MFFW/P, g), fruit growth period (FGP, days), and total yield/plant (TY/P, g) of eggplant (Solanum melongena) grown in greenhouses. All parameters except days to flowering and fruit growth period showed a sharp curvilinear response to temperature at all light intensities, with lower values either side of an optimum temperature. Days to flowering showed little response to temperature at 7 MJ/m 2 per day of light but decreased with temperature at 3 MJ/m 2 per day. Optimum temperature for each attribute increased with increasing light intensity except for flower bud number. FD, FN/P, and TY/P showed a slight curvilinear response to light intensity at all temperatures except that days to flowering and fruit number per plant showed a sharp curvilinear decline at higher temperatures. FBN/P and MFFW/P showed a sharp linear response to light intensity at lower temperatures and a slight curvilinear response at higher temperatures. At all temperatures, FGP was a sharp linear function of light intensity. The derived relationships provide the potential for optimising growth and fruiting of eggplant in greenhouses, but need to be validated under commercial conditions.

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The Contribution of Leaves from Different Levels within a Tomato Crop to Canopy Net Photosynthesis: An Experimental Examination of Two Canopy Models

Cited by 186 publications

References 0 publications

Contribution of carbohydrate pools to the variations in leaf mass per area within a tomato plant

Contribution of carbohydrate pools to the variations in leaf mass per area within a tomato plant

Influence du déficit de pression de vapeur et de la photopériode sur la croissance, la productivité et la composition minérale de la tomate de serre

Effect of light and temperature on the phenology and maturation of the fruit of eggplant (Solanum melongena) grown in greenhouses

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