The Contribution of Fluphenazine Enanthate and Decanoate in the Prevention of Readmission of Schizophrenic Patients

Effectiveness of Oral Antipsychotic versus Long-Acting-Injectable Antipsychotics: A Comparison of Suicidality, Relapse, and Recidivism

“…The reduction seen in the total number of MH ER visits (~48.6%) is consistent with other studies which have previously documented decreases between ~36% and 73% (Su et al, 2009;Denham & Adamson, 1971;Schooler, 2003). However, in contrast to our results, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have generally not found statistically significant differences between the efficacy of OA and LAI regimens (Kishimoto et al, 2012;Ostuzzi et al, 2017).…”

Outpatient Maintenance of Chronic Schizophrenic Patients with Long-acting Fluphenazine: Double-blind Placebo

“…This calculation does not take account of the unknown number of patients who may have begun fluphenazine injections but for various reasons did not remain on the drug long enough to be included in the original cohort of patients attending the clinic. In Denham and Adamson's (1971) study in a highly transient area of the original cohort of 144 patients on fluphenazine injections for a year 41 (28%) had incomplete records or were treatment failures. Guidice et al (1970) began with a cohort of 170 male schizophrenics in hospital who were put on fluphenazine tablets, but 82 (48%) were discontinued from the study because of lack of response or side effects and a further 25 were dropped after beginning the trial because they lapsed or refused injections, which means that only 33 5 % of the original 170 were sufficiently manageable on fluphenazine to enter the trial.…”

“…Fluphenazine by mouth is an effective medication for schizophrenic inpatients (Lasky et al, 1962;Kinross-Wright and Charalampous, 1965;Ravaris et al, 1965;Goldberg et al, 1967) and long-acting injections are as effective as oral medication for long-stay patients (Kinross-Wright and Charalampous, 1965;Bankier et al, 1968;Haider, 1968;Van Praag et al, 1970). The opinion that long-acting phenothiazines are better than oral medication for schizophrenic patients outside hospital is based on findings that patients have had fewer admissions to and a shorter total duration of stay in hospital after starting fluphenazine injections than during an equivalent period of time before (Rassmussen, 1970;Denham and Adamson, 1971;Johnson and Freeman, 1972). "Mirror image" studies have been criticized for their methodological shortcomings (Blackwell and Shepherd, 1968), and for this and other reasons these studies were inconclusive.…”

Long Term Depot Antipsychotics

“…In many countries, special clinics were established within the psychiatric services to provide regular depot injections and follow-up nonattenders at home (Marriott 1978;Oldham & Gaind 1977). Early trials of the efficacy of relapse prevention with depot medication compared with oral treatment used a 'mirrorimage' design (Denham & Adamson 1971;Gottfries & Green 1974;Marriott & Hiep 1976;Rassmussen 1970). This methodology was criticised on the grounds that it was not clear how much of the beneficial effect reported for the depot antipsychotics was pharmacological and how much could be attributed to the increased support and supervision provided by staff in the special clinics.…”