The contribution of emotional characteristics to breast cancer screening among women from six ethnic groups

Consedine, Nathan S.; Magai, Carol; Neugut, Alfred I.

doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2003.09.030

Cited by 128 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…Consistent with other screening studies (48), and the notion that people who avoid threatening situations, such as prostate screening, also tend to avoid negative emotion, we expected that trait fear and emotional expressivity would predict greater screening, and emotion inhibition lower screening, even when demographics, access, and ethnicity were controlled. Conversely, we expected that a greater tendency to monitor the environment for health threats should be associated with increased screening, again, even when demographics, access, and ethnicity were controlled.…”

supporting

confidence: 68%

“…Missing from this developing picture thus far, however, is a systematic examination of the emotion and emotion regulatory variables that breast cancer screening research has suggested may be critical to understanding screening in diverse populations (47,48). One study examined prostate cancer worry in relation to prostate screening, although it focused on differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic men (49).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In breast screening research, a restrictive style of regulating emotion (denial) has been linked to delays in responding to symptoms (61,66,67), perhaps suggesting that avoidance of anxiety will negatively affect screening. However, a closely related style involving dissociation from felt anxiety (repression) has been linked to greater screening (48,68), creating the possibility that a degree of avoidance may promote screening when it brings anxiety within manageable limits. Indeed, consistent with this thesis, one recent study of 6,512 women found that women with moderate worry were significantly more likely to report an annual mammogram than those who reported either mild or severe levels (69).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prostate Cancer Screening Behavior in Men from Seven Ethnic Groups: the Fear Factor

Consedine

Morgenstern²,

Kudadjie-Gyamfi

et al. 2006

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

108

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Rates of prostate cancer screening are known to vary among the major ethnic groups. However, likely variations in screening behavior among ethnic subpopulations and the likely role of psychological characteristics remain understudied. We examined differences in prostate cancer screening among samples of 44 men from each of seven ethnic groups (N = 308; U.S.-born European Americans, U.S.-born African Americans, men from the English-speaking Caribbean, Haitians, Dominicans, Puerto Ricans, and Eastern Europeans) and the associations among trait fear, emotion regulatory characteristics, and screening. As expected, there were differences in the frequency of both digital rectal exam (DRE) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests among the groups, even when demographic factors and access were controlled. Haitian men reported fewer DRE and PSA tests than either U.S.-born European American or Dominican men, and immigrant Eastern European men reported fewer tests than U.S.-born European Americans; consistent with prior research, U.S.-born African Americans differed from U.S.-born European Americans for DRE but not PSA frequency. Second, the addition of trait fear significantly improved model fit, as did the inclusion of a quadratic, inverted U, trait fear term, even where demographics, access, and ethnicity were controlled. Trait fear did not interact with ethnicity, suggesting its effect may operate equally across groups, and adding patterns of information processing and emotion regulation to the model did not improve model fit. Overall, our data suggest that fear is among the key psychological determinants of male screening behavior and would be usefully considered in models designed to increase male screening frequency. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(2):228 -37) Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among American men (1); there are striking ethnic differences in both its incidence and mortality (2). Compared with both European American (172.9 of 100,000) and Hispanic men (127.6 of 100,000), African American men (275.3 of 100,000) have the highest incidence of prostate cancer in the United States (3) and more than twice the mortality rate of European Americans (2). Conversely, although the incidence rates between 1995 and 1999 were f20% lower among Hispanic men, prostate cancer remains the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death within this group (4).Scientists know almost nothing about prostate cancer in Caribbean subpopulations. Research has, however, indicated that Jamaican men (who are often classified as ''African American'') may have an incidence rate that exceeds that of U.S.-born African Americans. One study of 2,484 men in Trinidad and Tobago, a major source of English-speaking Caribbean immigrants to the United States, suggested that the rate of prostate cancer may be as high as 10% (5), with a high number of abnormal screening findings (6). Research in Kingston, Jamaica likewise suggests that the incidence may be as high as 304...

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supporting

confidence: 68%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prostate Cancer Screening Behavior in Men from Seven Ethnic Groups: the Fear Factor

Consedine

Morgenstern²,

Kudadjie-Gyamfi

et al. 2006

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

108

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“…Effect sizes for the anxiety variables were modest but on par with classic correlates such as income and, in some cases, exceeded the effects of demographic and structural variables other than years of screening. Although demographics are difficult to intervene with directly, psychological characteristics are amenable to intervention (70) and small effects may be of considerable clinical significance (71).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Object Lesson: Source Determines the Relations That Trait Anxiety, Prostate Cancer Worry, and Screening Fear Hold with Prostate Screening Frequency

Consedine

Adjei²,

Ramírez³

et al. 2008

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Fears regarding prostate cancer and the associated screening are widespread. However, the relations between anxiety, cancer worry, and screening fear and screening behavior are complex, because anxieties stemming from different sources have different effects on behavior. In differentiating among anxieties from different sources (trait anxiety, cancer worry, and screening fear), we expected that cancer worry would be associated with more frequent screening, whereas fear of screening would be associated with less frequent screening. Hypotheses were tested in a sample of 533 men (ages 45-70 years) recruited using a stratified cluster-sampling plan. Men provided information on demographic and structural variables (age, education, income, marital status, physician discussion of risk and screening, access, and insurance) and completed a set of anxiety measures (trait anxiety, cancer worry, and screening fear). As expected, two-step multiple regressions controlling for demographics, health insurance status, physician discussion, and health-care system barriers showed that prostate-specific antigen and digital rectal examination frequencies had unique associations with cancer worry and screening fear. Specifically, whereas cancer worry was associated with more frequent screening, fear of screening was associated with less frequent screening at least for digital rectal examination; trait anxiety was inconsistently related to screening. Data are discussed in terms of their implications for male screening and the understanding of how anxiety motivates health behaviors. It is suggested that understanding the source of anxiety and the manner in which health behaviors such as cancer screenings may enhance or reduce felt anxiety is a likely key to understanding the associations between anxiety and behavioral outcomes. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(7):1631 -9)

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“…Unfortunately, due to insufficient sample size, we were not able to split the women from non-English speaking countries into further subgroups for analysis. It is likely that breast screening patterns as well as breast screening attitudes differ across cultural backgrounds and ethnic groups [146]. However, we did not have information on the women's attitudes towards breast screening.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Rural disadvantage in breast cancer health-care service use and outcomes: quantifying the effects of individual risk factors and health service risk factors

Leung¹

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The contribution of emotional characteristics to breast cancer screening among women from six ethnic groups

Cited by 128 publications

References 118 publications

Prostate Cancer Screening Behavior in Men from Seven Ethnic Groups: the Fear Factor

Prostate Cancer Screening Behavior in Men from Seven Ethnic Groups: the Fear Factor

An Object Lesson: Source Determines the Relations That Trait Anxiety, Prostate Cancer Worry, and Screening Fear Hold with Prostate Screening Frequency

Rural disadvantage in breast cancer health-care service use and outcomes: quantifying the effects of individual risk factors and health service risk factors

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