The Contribution of Electrochemistry to the Development of Chemical Kinetics

Laidler, Keith J.

doi:10.1021/bk-1989-0390.ch005

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The Hofmeister effects are further investigated by activation energies Δ E ( c 0 ), which have been correlated with the TAA rates through a combined use of reaction rate and Arrhenius expressions [ 18 , 58 ], with where R is the gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature. K can be regarded as a constant, whether the electrolyte concentration is below or above CCC .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of Hofmeister Effects for Complex Systems

et al. 2015

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Hofmeister effects have been recognized as important as Mendel’s work was to genetics while remain largely controversial, especially for the mechanistic aspects. Here we demonstrated that complex colloids in electrolyte solutions show resembling aggregation kinetics as model colloid, and then quantitatively evaluated the resulting Hofmeister effects. Mechanism for the aggregation of complex colloids has been proposed that is closely associated with the charges of their constituents; despite that, electrostatic interactions play a minor role while polarization effect is evidenced to be the driving force for the aggregation processes. Polarization effect is further ascribed to arouse the resulting Hofmeister effects, which is supported by the fine correlation of activation energies vs. polarizability data of different alkali ions and the calculations of dipole moments for minerals with different charges and adsorbed alkali ions. Because of neglecting polarization effect, the prevailing DLVO theory is not sufficient to describe Hofmeister effects that are ubiquitous in nature. We speculate that polarization effect should also be responsible for Hofmeister effects of other charged systems such as proteins and membranes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of Hofmeister Effects for Complex Systems

et al. 2015

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“…The relationship between the rate of the reaction and its energy requirements is operationally defined in terms of the Arrhenius equation: k obs ϭ A exp (ϪE a /RT ), where A is termed the pre-exponential factor, R is the gas constant, T is absolute temperature, and E a is the activation energy which expresses the temperature dependence of the rate constant [11]. Strictly speaking, the Arrhenius parameters A and E a are fitting parameters for a set of data: They may or may not provide information on individual reaction events; the kineticist must determine whether or not the rate constant applies to a single elementary reaction step or a sequence of events.…”

Section: The Rate Constantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and physical aspects of the post-exposure baking process used for positive-tone chemically amplified resists

et al. 2001

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Chemically amplified (CA) resists are in widespread use for the fabrication of leadingedge microelectronic devices, and it is anticipated that they will see use well into the future. The refinement and optimization of these materials to allow routine imaging at dimensions that will ultimately approach the molecular scale will depend on an improved in-depth understanding of the materials and their processing. We provide here an overview of recent work in our laboratory on the chemical and physical processes that occur during post-exposure baking (PEB) of positivetone CA resists. Our results provide a clearer understanding of how this critical step in the lithographic imaging process will affect extendibility of the CA resist concept to nanoscale feature sizes.

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“…Currently, accurate experimental data are not available for rate constant distributions in vivo. Based on chemical reaction kinetics a case can be made that the rate constant distribution may often have the exponential form of the typical Arrhenius distribution [ 59 ]. However, as living cells exist in conditions that are far from equilibrium and subject to regulatory influences the possibility that rate constant distributions assume some other form cannot be ruled out.…”

Section: Steady State Distribution Of Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of multiplicative stochastic variation on translational elongation rates

Datta

Seed

2018

PLoS ONE

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Experimental data indicate that stochastic effects exerted at the level of translation contribute substantially to the variation in abundance of proteins expressed at moderate to high levels. This study analyzes the theoretical consequences of fluctuations in residue-specific elongation rates during translation. A simple analytical framework shows that rate variation during elongation gives rise to protein production rates that consist of sums of products of random variables. Simulations show that because the contribution to total variation of products of random variables greatly exceeds that of sums of random variables, the overall distribution exhibits approximately log-normal behavior. Empirical fits of the data can be satisfied by either sums of log-normal distributions, or sums of log-normal and log-logistic distributions. Elongation rate stochastic variation offers an accounting for a major component of biological variation. The analysis provided here highlights a probability distribution that is a natural extension of the Poisson and has broad applicability to many types of multiplicative noise processes.

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The Contribution of Electrochemistry to the Development of Chemical Kinetics

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

Origin of Hofmeister Effects for Complex Systems

Origin of Hofmeister Effects for Complex Systems

Chemical and physical aspects of the post-exposure baking process used for positive-tone chemically amplified resists

Influence of multiplicative stochastic variation on translational elongation rates

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