The Contribution of Eimeria Coinfection and Intestinal Inflammation to Cecal Colonization and Systemic Spread of Salmonella Typhimurium Deficient in Tetrathionate Reductase or Type III Secretion Systems Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 or 2

Rimet, Claire-Sophie; Maurer, John J.; Berghaus, Roy D.; Jordan, Brian J.; Silva, Luciana Helena Antoniassi da; Stabler, Lisa; Johnson, Kasey K.; Tensa, Laura R; Segovia, Karen; França, Monique

doi:10.1637/aviandiseases-d-19-00082

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Salmonella can also induce inflammation which reduces its obligate anaerobic competitors while providing it with additional nutrients for growth ( Winter et al, 2010 ; Thiennimitr et al, 2011 ; Rivera-Chavez et al, 2016 ). While Salmonella may change the gut microbiome in chickens, it appears to involve a mechanism distinct from mammals ( Rimet et al, 2019 ). However, these studies focused on chickens less than 21 days of age, early in chicken intestinal community development ( Lu et al, 2003a ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength Lies in Diversity: How Community Diversity Limits Salmonella Abundance in the Chicken Intestine

2021

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The transfer of the intestinal microbiota from adult to juvenile animals reduces Salmonella prevalence and abundance. The mechanism behind this exclusion is unknown, however, certain member species may exclude or promote pathogen colonization and Salmonella abundance in chickens correlates with intestinal community composition. In this study, newly hatched chicks were colonized with Salmonella Typhimurium and 16S rRNA libraries were generated from the cecal bacterial community at 21, 28, 35, and 42 days of age. Salmonella was quantified by real-time PCR. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were assigned, and taxonomic assignments were made, using the Ribosomal Database Project. Bacterial diversity was inversely proportional to the Salmonella abundance in the chicken cecum (p < 0.01). In addition, cecal communities with no detectable Salmonella (exclusive community) displayed an increase in the abundance of OTUs related to specific clostridial families (Ruminococcaceae, Eubacteriaceae, and Oscillospiraceae), genera (Faecalibacterium and Turicibacter) and member species (Ethanoligenens harbinense, Oscillibacter ruminantium, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii). For cecal communities with high Salmonella abundance (permissive community), there was a positive correlation with the presence of unclassified Lachnospiraceae, clostridial genera Blautia and clostridial species Roseburia hominis, Eubacterium biforme, and Robinsoniella peoriensis. These findings strongly support the link between the intestinal bacterial species diversity and the presence of specific member species with Salmonella abundance in the chicken ceca. Exclusive bacterial species could prove effective as direct-fed microbials for reducing Salmonella in poultry while permissive species could be used to predict which birds will be super-shedders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength Lies in Diversity: How Community Diversity Limits Salmonella Abundance in the Chicken Intestine

2021

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“…SPI-1 encoded proteins are also involved in the modulation of the host immune response during infection, reducing the stimulation of proinflammatory cytokines. In broiler chickens, deletion of SPI-1 reduces S. Typhimurium colonization of the ceca [45] and bacterial dissemination to the liver [46] and spleen [45]. Deletion of spaS, a major component of the SPI-1 T3SS, has been shown to have little effect in day-old chicks, although in one-week-old birds, the mutant exhibited reduced colonization of the cecum and poor dissemination to the liver [47].…”

Section: Do Unique Aspects Of Salmonella Typhimurium Virulence In Poultry Influence Vaccine Efficacy?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SPI-2 also encodes a T3SS within Salmonella vacuoles which disseminates SPI-2 encoded effector proteins that can modulate cellular responses. Disruption of SPI-2 has been found to reduce the capacity of Salmonella Typhimurium to disseminate to the spleen [45] and liver [46] of infected chickens but does not affect bacterial colonization of the cecum [45,46]. Deletion of ssaU, a component of the SPI-2 T3SS, significantly reduced Salmonella Typhimurium colonization of the liver but did not affect intestinal colonization [47].…”

Section: Do Unique Aspects Of Salmonella Typhimurium Virulence In Poultry Influence Vaccine Efficacy?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in Vaccinating Layer Hens against Salmonella Typhimurium

Jia

McWhorter

Andrews³

et al. 2020

Vaccines

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Salmonella Typhimurium is among the most common causes of bacterial foodborne gastrointestinal disease in humans. Food items containing raw or undercooked eggs are frequently identified during traceback investigation as the source of the bacteria. Layer hens can become persistently infected with Salmonella Typhimurium and intermittently shed the bacteria over the course of their productive lifetime. Eggs laid in a contaminated environment are at risk of potential exposure to bacteria. Thus, mitigating the bacterial load on farms aids in the protection of the food supply chain. Layer hen producers use a multifaceted approach for reducing Salmonella on farms, including the all-in-all-out management strategy, strict biosecurity, sanitization, and vaccination. The use of live attenuated Salmonella vaccines is favored because they elicit a broader host immune response than killed or inactivated vaccines that have been demonstrated to provide cross-protection against multiple serovars. Depending on the vaccine, two to three doses of Salmonella Typhimurium vaccines are generally administered to layer hens within the first few weeks. The productive life of a layer hen, however, can exceed 70 weeks and it is unclear whether current vaccination regimens are effective for that extended period. The objective of this review is to highlight layer hen specific challenges that may affect vaccine efficacy.

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“…High mortality rates are also common in severe cases, while, in sub-clinical cases, an infection with Eimeria spp. can predispose to secondary opportunistic pathogen infections, such as Clostridium perfringens , Campylobacter jejuni , and Salmonella infections [ 2 , 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyme, Oregano, and Garlic Essential Oils and Their Main Active Compounds Influence Eimeria tenella Intracellular Development

Felici,

Tugnoli,

De Hoest-Thompson

et al. 2023

Animals

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Coccidiosis poses a significant challenge in poultry production and is typically managed with ionophores and chemical anticoccidials. However, the emergence of drug resistance and limitations on their use have encouraged the exploration of alternative solutions, including botanical compounds and improvements in in vitro screening methods. Prior research focused only on the impact of these alternatives on Eimeria invasion, with intracellular development in cell cultures receiving limited attention. This study assessed the impact of thyme (Thymus vulgaris), oregano (Origanum vulgare), and garlic (Allium sativum) essential oils, as well as their bioactive compounds, on the initial phase of schizogony in Madin–Darby bovine kidney cells, comparing their effectiveness to two commercially used anticoccidial drugs. Using image analysis and quantitative PCR, the study confirmed the efficacy of commercial anticoccidials in reducing invasion and schizont formation, and it found that essential oils were equally effective. Notably, thymol and carvacrol exhibited mild inhibition of intracellular replication of the parasite but significantly reduced schizont numbers, implying a potential reduction in pathogenicity. In conclusion, this research highlights the promise of essential oils and their bioactive components as viable alternatives to traditional anticoccidial drugs for mitigating coccidiosis in poultry, particularly by disrupting the intracellular development of the parasites.

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The Contribution of Eimeria Coinfection and Intestinal Inflammation to Cecal Colonization and Systemic Spread of Salmonella Typhimurium Deficient in Tetrathionate Reductase or Type III Secretion Systems Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 or 2

Cited by 8 publications

References 56 publications

Strength Lies in Diversity: How Community Diversity Limits Salmonella Abundance in the Chicken Intestine

Strength Lies in Diversity: How Community Diversity Limits Salmonella Abundance in the Chicken Intestine

Challenges in Vaccinating Layer Hens against Salmonella Typhimurium

Thyme, Oregano, and Garlic Essential Oils and Their Main Active Compounds Influence Eimeria tenella Intracellular Development

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