The contribution of domestic sources to levels of key organic and inorganic pollutants in sewage: the case of Melbourne, Australia

Wilkie, Philip J.; Hatzimihalis, George; Koutoufides, Paul; Connor, M.

doi:10.2166/wst.1996.0417

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…The concentrations of Cd, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn and As determined in domestic wastewater in Ostrava are comparable to the values published by Wilkie et al (), Chino et al (), Palmquist and Hanaeus () and Henze et al (). However, the concentrations of Cu and Cr are approximately 2–10 times lower compared to the published values of these authors.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Characteristics of urban wastewater, including the contents of risk elements, are discussed in a large number of publications (e.g. Wilkie et al, ; Karvelas et al, ; Soonthornnonda and Christensen, ; Üstün, ; Camacho‐Muñoz et al, ; Cherfi et al, ). However, there is only a limited amount of information concerning the contents of hazardous elements and their sources in domestic wastewater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heavy metals in domestic wastewater with respect to urban population in Ostrava, Czech Republic

Drozdová

Raclavská

Raclavský

et al. 2018

Water & Environment J

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During dry weather periods, domestic wastewater is a major component of urban wastewater influent to a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). For this reason, the quantity and quality of domestic wastewater have a considerable effect on the resultant contamination of urban wastewater and on the subsequent selection of appropriate WWTP technology. The aim of this study was to quantify the amount of hazardous elements in domestic wastewater to determine the average daily production of domestic wastewater and risk elements per inhabitant and quantify the proportion of households in the total load of urban wastewater. Wastewater samples were collected from nine local sewer systems in Ostrava, the Kravare WWTP and the Central Wastewater Treatment Plant of Ostrava (Czech Republic). We found that the average production of wastewater from households is approximately 135 L per person per day. The results also show that the share of households in urban wastewater is approximately 60% in the case of Cd, 35-21% in the case of Zn, Cu, As and less than 15% for Pb, Cr, Fe, Ni and Mn.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metals in domestic wastewater with respect to urban population in Ostrava, Czech Republic

Drozdová

Raclavská

Raclavský

et al. 2018

Water & Environment J

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“…Figure 2 demonstrates that the mean level for all micropollutants (grams per day) was higher for STWs that received both domestic and trade influents. Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), a common plasticiser found predominantly not only in domestic pathways but also found in trade pathways, averaged 700 g/day (Wilkie et al 1996). Lead from domestic piping, cosmetics and trade garages averaged 280 g/day, whilst nickel from domestic rubber piping, cleaning products and trade metal and electroplating products had an average of 150 g/day (Lester 1987).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite these estimated costs, a number of research studies have already been carried out to ascertain the origins of micropollutants in STW influent (Alcock et al 1999;Comber and Gunn 1996;Davis et al 2001;Grey 2005;Hewitt and Rashed 1992;Karvelas et al 2003;Legret and Pagotto 1999;Lester 1987;Paxéus 1996;Rogers 1996;Sorme and Lagerkvist 2002;Wilkie et al 1996;Wade 2002). They all demonstrate the complexity of linking micropollutant variation in sources and pathways to final levels in STW influents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating Levels of Micropollutants in Municipal Wastewater

Rowsell

Tangney

Hunt

et al. 2009

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Exposure to micropollutants can pose a serious risk to both the environment and human health. Although sewage treatment works (STWs) aim to reduce levels of pollutants in municipal wastewater discharges, they have become a significant point source of dangerous substances to the aquatic environment. With increasing regulation on pollution prevention, it has become essential to assess STW source inputs in order to control pollutant discharge into the environment. This paper has therefore focussed on developing calculations to estimate micropollutant levels in STW influents. The analysis was carried out using information from published literature, the Water Industry, and monitored influent data. Results demonstrated that, where monitoring data were available for metals and organic pollutants, STW influent could be adequately estimated and validated, with accuracy between 77% and 100%. In addition, based on these calculations and using data for over 600 STWs in England, our analysis showed that compounds such as di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, lead and linear alkylbenzenesulfonate could reach influent levels that could be challenging for conventional wastewater treatment removal.

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“…Chlorinated organics dominated the A-Sewer, since they are largely used for organic solvents and oil emulsion cleaners in industrial parks (Wilkie et al, 1996;Orchard et al, 2000;Ndon et al, 2000;Escalas et al, 2003;Rule et al, 2006). However, aromatics dominated the B-Sewer, which are largely used in the plastic, painting and resin industries (Cheng et al, 2008).…”

Section: Seasonal Variations Of Hydrocarbon Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements and PCA/APCS Analyses of Volatile Organic Compounds in Kaohsiung Municipal Sewer Systems, Southern Taiwan

Huang

Chen

Wang

2012

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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This study measured 71 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) collected using stainless steel canisters at 15 monitoring sites in two main Kaohsiung municipal sewers, A-Sewer and B-Sewer, during winter and summer periods in 2008 and 2009. The results indicate that the overall average of total VOCs, TVOC, in A-Sewer was 1173.51 ± 187.69 μg/m 3 , which was about 40% higher than that in B-Sewer (689.22 ± 151.64 μg/m 3 ). However, TVOC in the winter/dry season was about three (or five) times that in the summer/wet season for A-Sewer (or B-Sewer). For the A-Sewer, chlorinated organics, aromatics, and alkanes were predominant, and altogether contributed to about 90.0% of the TVOC in winter and about 70.6% in summer, with alkenes, ethers, ketones, and sulfur compounds as minor components. For B-sewer, aromatics, alkanes, and chlorinated organics were predominant, and altogether contributed to about 94.1% of the TVOC in winter and about 74.3% in summer, while others were minor ones. The principal component analysis (PCA) and absolute component scores (APCS) models indicate that the percentage source contributions for A-Sewer were solvent usage (31.65 ± 11.27%), oil refineries and storage leaks (28.71 ± 11.52%), auto paintings (19.14 ± 9.74%), asphalt plants (17.05 ± 8.73%), and others (3.45 ± 3.95%). The percentage source contributions for B-Sewer were printing factories (45.35 ± 9.19%), oil refineries and storage leaks (31.78 ± 8.59%), solvent usage (18.64 ± 8.50%), and dry cleaning (4.23 ± 4.70%).

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The contribution of domestic sources to levels of key organic and inorganic pollutants in sewage: the case of Melbourne, Australia

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Heavy metals in domestic wastewater with respect to urban population in Ostrava, Czech Republic

Heavy metals in domestic wastewater with respect to urban population in Ostrava, Czech Republic

Estimating Levels of Micropollutants in Municipal Wastewater

Measurements and PCA/APCS Analyses of Volatile Organic Compounds in Kaohsiung Municipal Sewer Systems, Southern Taiwan

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