The Contribution of African Women to Economic Growth and Development: Historical Perspectives and Policy Implications Part I: The Pre-Colonial and Colonial Periods

Akyeampong, Emmanuel; Fofack, Hippolyte

doi:10.1596/1813-9450-6051

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…9 Nevertheless, in contrast to the more advanced economies, gender role attitudes were also shaped by colonial constructs in the developing world. 10 In the African context, this reinforced the sexual division of labor between paid and unpaid labor, with women confined to unpaid subsistence agriculture and home production, and men specialized in the production of export crops and resource extraction-the main drivers of the colonial economy [Akyeampong and Fofack (2012a), Fofack (2012)].…”

Section: Dynamics Of Gender and Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast Protestant missionaries promoted gender equality and the importance of girl's literacy and education. Akyeampong and Fofack (2012a) provide a review of the critical role played by Christian missionaries in the prohibition of girls' education in Africa during the colonial period.…”

Section: Dynamics Of Gender and Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the predominantly agrarian and primary production system underpinning most African economies, the last two variants of gender inequality have come in the form of gender division of labor in subsistence agriculture and gender bias in the export and resource extraction sectors. While in most other regions of the world, especially in advanced economies, the above forms of gender inequality are primarily attributed to traditional norms and cultural beliefs, the sources of gender inequality in Africa can be classified into two broad categories: the stickiness of traditional norms and resilience of colonial constructs [Akyeampong and Fofack (2012a)]. 4 The literature on gender and development has emphasized the former in Sub-Saharan Africa (hereafter SSA), even though in some countries the resilience of colonial constructs may have reinforced and even enhanced the stickiness of traditional norms [Akyeampong and Fofack (2012a)].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While in most other regions of the world, especially in advanced economies, the above forms of gender inequality are primarily attributed to traditional norms and cultural beliefs, the sources of gender inequality in Africa can be classified into two broad categories: the stickiness of traditional norms and resilience of colonial constructs [Akyeampong and Fofack (2012a)]. 4 The literature on gender and development has emphasized the former in Sub-Saharan Africa (hereafter SSA), even though in some countries the resilience of colonial constructs may have reinforced and even enhanced the stickiness of traditional norms [Akyeampong and Fofack (2012a)]. Colonial policies encouraged market over non-market production, and in the process codified the roles of women in societies, confining their contribution in the economic sphere to home production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accounting for Gender Production from a Growth Accounting Framework in Sub-Saharan Africa

Fofack¹

2012

Policy Research Working Papers

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The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.

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Section: Dynamics Of Gender and Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dynamics Of Gender and Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accounting for Gender Production from a Growth Accounting Framework in Sub-Saharan Africa

Fofack¹

2012

Policy Research Working Papers

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“…2. The appropriation of the labour of these women in the domestic spheres which is socially unacknowledged, unrecognised and unrewarded (Walby 1989;Akyeampong and Fofack 2012;Hassan et al 2016) and .…”

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confidence: 99%

Against the odds: women achievers in the Nigerian banking sector

Kuti¹

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Nigeria is traditionally seen as a patriarchal society where men dominate all spheres, and patriarchal systems of socialisation and cultural practices govern the social relations and activities of men and women. Thus, contrary to good business practice and employment regulations existing in more economically advanced countries, little evidence exists of the establishment of support mechanisms such as Work/Life balance policies or health and wellbeing facilities in few banking organisations in Nigeria. In addition to this, no records exist whatsoever, of the existence of such mechanisms in other sectors within the Nigerian labour force. Investigations in this research reveal that the National Gender Policy was adopted in 2006 to support women through the promotion of equal opportunities and career progression in employment. However, there is no evidence of the effectiveness of the policy. Despite these and many other limitations, about 63.1% of women, typically seen as part of the minority group in the Nigerian culture, occupy Middle Management positions in the Nigerian Banking Sector, while 34 - 48% of women occupy Senior Management roles. This record demonstrates a significant achievement given the records from the UK Banking Sector showing a national average for women in Senior Management positions at 28%, 36% in Middle Management positions and 11% in Senior Management. Findings from this research reveal that the above achievements have been attained mainly through the personal efforts of Nigerian women. Using Hermeneutics as a research approach, this research makes methodological, theoretical and practical contributions to knowledge through qualitative semi-structured Life-Story interviews. It aims to provide an understanding which will inspire and motivate women in all sectors of the Nigerian labour market by uncovering the ways by which women in the Nigerian Banking Sector have 'beaten the odds'. The purpose of this is to help reshape legal and policy frameworks to eliminate the worst excesses of male domination within Nigeria.

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Women in Pre-colonial Africa: West Africa

Amoah-Boampong

Agyeiwaa

2021

The Palgrave Handbook of African Women's Studies

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The Contribution of African Women to Economic Growth and Development: Historical Perspectives and Policy Implications Part I: The Pre-Colonial and Colonial Periods

Cited by 14 publications

References 77 publications

Accounting for Gender Production from a Growth Accounting Framework in Sub-Saharan Africa

Accounting for Gender Production from a Growth Accounting Framework in Sub-Saharan Africa

Against the odds: women achievers in the Nigerian banking sector

Women in Pre-colonial Africa: West Africa

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