The contrasting effects of genome size, chromosome number and ploidy level on plant invasiveness: a global analysis

Pandit, Maharaj K.; White, Steven M.; Pocock, Michael J. O.

doi:10.1111/nph.12799

Cited by 119 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…This is in accordance with surveys that had been conducted by Fernald (1903) and Mulligan (1958) in eastern North America where only a few populations of L. ircutianum were found. The higher invasion success of the diploid L. vulgare is in contrast to studies that found a positive association between polyploidy and invasiveness in plants (Lafuma et al 2003;Kubátová et al 2008;Schlaepfer et al 2008;Treier et al 2009;Pandit et al 2011Pandit et al , 2014te Beest et al 2012). The higher abundance of L. vulgare in the introduced range could potentially be explained by differences in introduction pressure between the two species.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…Polyploidy has been found to be overrepresented in invasive plants (Pandit et al 2011(Pandit et al , 2014 and in various taxa with more than one ploidy level in the native range, only polyploids have become invasive (e.g. Lafuma et al 2003;Kubátová et al 2008;Schlaepfer et al 2008;Treier et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polyploidy has been proposed to be associated with invasiveness in plants (Müller-Schärer et al 2004;Pandit et al 2011Pandit et al , 2014te Beest et al 2012;Hahn et al 2012a), through, for instance, increased phenotypic variation, fixed heterosis or reduced inbreeding depression, which may pre-adapt polyploids to become invasive or increase their ability to adapt to novel conditions post-introduction (Soltis and Soltis 2000;Comai 2005; te Beest et al 2012, Hahn et al 2012b. Polyploidy has been found to be overrepresented in invasive plants (Pandit et al 2011(Pandit et al , 2014 and in various taxa with more than one ploidy level in the native range, only polyploids have become invasive (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Can enemy release explain the invasion success of the diploid Leucanthemum vulgare in North America?

et al. 2016

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Enemy release is a commonly accepted mechanism to explain plant invasions. Both the diploid Leucanthemum vulgare and the morphologically very similar tetraploid Leucanthemum ircutianum have been introduced into North America. To verify which species is more prevalent in North America we sampled 98 Leucanthemum populations and determined their ploidy level. Although polyploidy has repeatedly been proposed to be associated with increased invasiveness in plants, only two of the populations surveyed in North America were the tetraploid L. ircutianum. We tested the enemy release hypothesis by first comparing 20 populations of L. vulgare and 27 populations of L. ircutianum in their native range in Europe, and then comparing the European L. vulgare populations with 31 L. vulgare populations sampled in North America. Characteristics of the site and associated vegetation, plant performance and invertebrate herbivory were recorded. In Europe, plant height and density of the two species were similar but L. vulgare produced more flower heads than L. ircutianum. Leucanthemum vulgare in North America was 17 % taller, produced twice as many flower heads and grew much denser compared to L. vulgare in Europe. Attack rates by root-and leaf-feeding herbivores on L. vulgare in Europe (34 and 75 %) was comparable to that on L. ircutianum (26 and 71 %) but higher than that on L. vulgare in North America (10 and 3 %). However, herbivore load and leaf damage were low in Europe. Cover and height of the co-occurring vegetation was higher in L. vulgare populations in the native than in the introduced range, suggesting that a shift in plant competition may more easily explain the invasion success of L. vulgare than escape from herbivory.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Can enemy release explain the invasion success of the diploid Leucanthemum vulgare in North America?

et al. 2016

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“…Twenty-three of the 25 most-studied weedy plant species have 1C genome sizes of less than 5,000 Mb, and 13 of these have genome sizes of less than 2,000 Mb . Recently, a meta-analysis was performed in which invasiveness among plant species was negatively associated with genome size and positively associated with chromosome number (Pandit et al, 2014). This study analyzed 890 species among 62 genera.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

De Novo Genome Assembly of the Economically Important Weed Horseweed Using Integrated Data from Multiple Sequencing Platforms

et al. 2014

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Horseweed (Conyza canadensis), a member of the Compositae (Asteraceae) family, was the first broadleaf weed to evolve resistance to glyphosate. Horseweed, one of the most problematic weeds in the world, is a true diploid (2n = 2x = 18), with the smallest genome of any known agricultural weed (335 Mb). Thus, it is an appropriate candidate to help us understand the genetic and genomic bases of weediness. We undertook a draft de novo genome assembly of horseweed by combining data from multiple sequencing platforms (454 GS-FLX, Illumina HiSeq 2000, and PacBio RS) using various libraries with different insertion sizes (approximately 350 bp, 600 bp, 3 kb, and 10 kb) of a Tennessee-accessed, glyphosate-resistant horseweed biotype. From 116.3 Gb (approximately 3503 coverage) of data, the genome was assembled into 13,966 scaffolds with 50% of the assembly = 33,561 bp. The assembly covered 92.3% of the genome, including the complete chloroplast genome (approximately 153 kb) and a nearly complete mitochondrial genome (approximately 450 kb in 120 scaffolds). The nuclear genome is composed of 44,592 protein-coding genes. Genome resequencing of seven additional horseweed biotypes was performed. These sequence data were assembled and used to analyze genome variation. Simple sequence repeat and single-nucleotide polymorphisms were surveyed. Genomic patterns were detected that associated with glyphosate-resistant or -susceptible biotypes. The draft genome will be useful to better understand weediness and the evolution of herbicide resistance and to devise new management strategies. The genome will also be useful as another reference genome in the Compositae. To our knowledge, this article represents the first published draft genome of an agricultural weed.

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“…Allopolyploidy, i.e. hybrid polyploidy, does not seem to correlate to larger ranges either [90], but intriguingly, two extensive studies in plants show it is more frequent in high latitudes [91] and in invasive plant species [92]. The abundance of polyploid morphs in northern biota, termed 'geographic polyploidy', was already an object of speculation by Vandel [1].…”

Section: (B) Models In Which Correlates Of Parthenogenesis Rather Thamentioning

confidence: 99%

What does the geography of parthenogenesis teach us about sex?

Tilquin

Kokko

2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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One contribution of 15 to a theme issue 'Weird sex: the underappreciated diversity of sexual reproduction'. Theory predicts that sexual reproduction is difficult to maintain if asexuality is an option, yet sex is very common. To understand why, it is important to pay attention to repeatably occurring conditions that favour transitions to, or persistence of, asexuality. Geographic parthenogenesis is a term that has been applied to describe a large variety of patterns where sexual and related asexual forms differ in their geographic distribution. Often asexuality is stated to occur in a habitat that is, in some sense, marginal, but the interpretation differs across studies: parthenogens might not only predominate near the margin of the sexuals' distribution, but might also extend far beyond the sexual range; they may be disproportionately found in newly colonizable areas (e.g. areas previously glaciated), or in habitats where abiotic selection pressures are relatively stronger than biotic ones (e.g. cold, dry). Here, we review the various patterns proposed in the literature, the hypotheses put forward to explain them, and the assumptions they rely on. Surprisingly, few mathematical models consider geographic parthenogenesis as their focal question, but all models for the evolution of sex could be evaluated in this framework if the (often ecological) causal factors vary predictably with geography. We also recommend broadening the taxa studied beyond the traditional favourites.This article is part of the themed issue 'Weird sex: the underappreciated diversity of sexual reproduction'.

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The contrasting effects of genome size, chromosome number and ploidy level on plant invasiveness: a global analysis

Cited by 119 publications

References 68 publications

Can enemy release explain the invasion success of the diploid Leucanthemum vulgare in North America?

Can enemy release explain the invasion success of the diploid Leucanthemum vulgare in North America?

De Novo Genome Assembly of the Economically Important Weed Horseweed Using Integrated Data from Multiple Sequencing Platforms

What does the geography of parthenogenesis teach us about sex?

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