The Continuous Plankton Recorder survey and the North Atlantic Oscillation: Interannual- to Multidecadal-scale patterns of phytoplankton variability in the North Atlantic Ocean

Barton, Andrew D.; Greene, Charles H.; Monger, Bruce C.; Pershing, Andrew J.

doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2003.08.012

Cited by 60 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Furthermore, it has been extensively used to describe the seasonal and long-term patterns of phytoplankton abundance in various regions of the North Atlantic ). North Atlantic phytoplankton changes A recent study based on CPR samples showed that much of the North Atlantic exhibited an increase in the PCI during the period from 1948 to 2000 (Barton et al 2003). Barton et al (2003) showed that the positive PCI trends observed in many areas are similar to the long-term trend in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index and provided hypotheses about the NAO-dependent physical factors underlying the long-term pattern of phytoplankton variability.…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decadal basin-scale changes in diatoms, dinoflagellates, and phytoplankton color across the North Atlantic

et al. 2005

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The Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) survey has been used to characterize phytoplankton and zooplankton space-time dynamics in the North Sea since 1931 and in the North Atlantic since 1939. Phytoplankton biomass is assessed from these samples by visual assessment of the green color of the silk mesh, the Phytoplankton Color Index (PCI), and the total count of diatoms and dinoflagellates. Species with a frequency of occurrence greater than 1% in the samples are used as indicator species of the community. We investigated (1) long-term fluctuations of phytoplankton biomass, total diatoms, and total dinoflagellates; (2) geographical variation of patterns; (3) the relationship between phytoplankton and climate forcing in the North Atlantic CPR samples; (4) the relative contribution of diatoms and dinoflagellates to the PCI; and (5) the fluctuations of the dominant species over the period of survey to provide more information on the processes linking climate to changes in the phytoplankton community. As a result of the differences in microscopic analysis methods prior to 1958, our analyses were conducted for the period ranging from 1958 to 2002. The North Atlantic was divided into six regions identified through bathymetric criteria and separated along a North-South axis. Based on 12 monthly time series, we demonstrate increasing trends in PCI and total dinoflagellates and a decrease in total diatoms.

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Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decadal basin-scale changes in diatoms, dinoflagellates, and phytoplankton color across the North Atlantic

et al. 2005

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“…E-mail: osherwood@gmail.com. physical oceanographic-driven changes in phytoplankton and zooplankton community structure (20)(21)(22). To resolve this fundamental ambiguity in distinguishing nutrient sources from trophic effects, we present detailed bulk δ 15 N records supplemented with measurements of δ 15 N-AA.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nutrient regime shift in the western North Atlantic indicated by compound-specific δ ¹⁵ N of deep-sea gorgonian corals

Sherwood

Lehmann

Schubert

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

151

172

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Despite the importance of the nitrogen (N) cycle on marine productivity, little is known about variability in N sources and cycling in the ocean in relation to natural and anthropogenic climate change. Beyond the last few decades of scientific observation, knowledge depends largely on proxy records derived from nitrogen stable isotopes ( δ 15 N) preserved in sediments and other bioarchives. Traditional bulk δ 15 N measurements, however, represent the combined influence of N source and subsequent trophic transfers, often confounding environmental interpretation. Recently, compound-specific analysis of individual amino acids ( δ 15 N-AA) has been shown as a means to deconvolve trophic level versus N source effects on the δ 15 N variability of bulk organic matter. Here, we demonstrate the first use of δ 15 N-AA in a paleoceanographic study, through analysis of annually secreted growth rings preserved in the organic endoskeletons of deep-sea gorgonian corals. In the Northwest Atlantic off Nova Scotia, coral δ 15 N is correlated with increasing presence of subtropical versus subpolar slope waters over the twentieth century. By using the new δ 15 N-AA approach to control for variable trophic processing, we are able to interpret coral bulk δ 15 N values as a proxy for nitrate source and, hence, slope water source partitioning. We conclude that the persistence of the warm, nutrient-rich regime since the early 1970s is largely unique in the context of the last approximately 1,800 yr. This evidence suggests that nutrient variability in this region is coordinated with recent changes in global climate and underscores the broad potential of δ 15 N-AA for paleoceanographic studies of the marine N cycle.

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“…To account for the possibility of finding significant correlations by chance, we employed a Monte Carlo procedure similar to the 'field significance' test described in Barton et al (2003). To estimate the probability of finding N correlations with significance values at a particular level, we generated a random CPR time series for each region and 50 d period and computed the correlations with the model output.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model-based estimates of Calanus finmarchicus abundance in the Gulf of Maine

Pershing

Record²,

Monger³

et al. 2009

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Ocean observing systems and satellites routinely collect a wealth of information on physical conditions in the ocean. With few exceptions, such as chlorophyll concentrations, information on biological properties is harder to measure autonomously. Here, we present a system to produce estimates of the distribution and abundance of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus in the Gulf of Maine. Our system uses satellite-based measurements of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll concentration to determine the developmental and reproductive rates of C. finmarchicus. The rate information then drives a population dynamics model of C. finmarchicus that is embedded in a 2-dimensional circulation field. The first generation of this system produces realistic information on interannual variability in C. finmarchicus distribution and abundance during the winter and spring. The model can also be used to identify key drivers of interannual variability in C. finmarchicus. Experiments with the model suggest that changes in initial conditions are overwhelmed by variability in growth rates after approximately 50 d. Temperature has the largest effect on growth rate. Elevated chlorophyll during the late winter can lead to increased C. finmarchicus abundance during the spring, but the effect of variations in chlorophyll concentrations is secondary to the other inputs. Our system could be used to provide real-time estimates or even forecasts of C. finmarchicus distribution. These estimates could then be used to support management of copepod predators such as herring and right whales.

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The Continuous Plankton Recorder survey and the North Atlantic Oscillation: Interannual- to Multidecadal-scale patterns of phytoplankton variability in the North Atlantic Ocean

Cited by 60 publications

References 46 publications

Decadal basin-scale changes in diatoms, dinoflagellates, and phytoplankton color across the North Atlantic

Decadal basin-scale changes in diatoms, dinoflagellates, and phytoplankton color across the North Atlantic

Nutrient regime shift in the western North Atlantic indicated by compound-specific δ ¹⁵ N of deep-sea gorgonian corals

Model-based estimates of Calanus finmarchicus abundance in the Gulf of Maine

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The Continuous Plankton Recorder survey and the North Atlantic Oscillation: Interannual- to Multidecadal-scale patterns of phytoplankton variability in the North Atlantic Ocean

Cited by 60 publications

References 46 publications

Decadal basin-scale changes in diatoms, dinoflagellates, and phytoplankton color across the North Atlantic

Decadal basin-scale changes in diatoms, dinoflagellates, and phytoplankton color across the North Atlantic

Nutrient regime shift in the western North Atlantic indicated by compound-specific δ 15 N of deep-sea gorgonian corals

Model-based estimates of Calanus finmarchicus abundance in the Gulf of Maine

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Resources

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Nutrient regime shift in the western North Atlantic indicated by compound-specific δ ¹⁵ N of deep-sea gorgonian corals