The continual threat of influenza virus infections at the human–animal interface

Bailey, Emily S.; Choi, Jessica; Fieldhouse, Jane K.; Borkenhagen, Laura K.; Zemke, Juliana N; Zhang, Dingmei; Gray, Gregory C.

doi:10.1093/emph/eoy013

Cited by 64 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…First isolated in 1940, influenza B virus diverged into two lineages, Victoria and Yamagata, in the late 1970s with similar clinical [2] but different phylodynamic properties [3]. Although infections in pigs and seals were observed, there is no known animal reservoir for influenza B [4]. Thus, while influenza A infections can be zoonotic, influenza B virus only circulates in the human population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza B virus infections in Western Saxony, Germany in three consecutive seasons between 2015 and 2018: Analysis of molecular and clinical features

Hönemann

Martín

Pietsch

et al. 2019

Vaccine

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a b s t r a c tBackground: The impact of annual influenza epidemics and prevailing strains varies worldwide and regional. The majority of vaccines used contained two influenza A strains and only one influenza B strain (trivalent vaccine). Aim: The aim of the study was to compare laboratory confirmed influenza B cases during three consecutive years with respect to vaccination history, clinical symptoms and molecular virology. Methods: Partial HA gene sequences were analyzed for lineage determination and complete HA sequence in cases with reported vaccination and in fatal cases. Clinical data were retrieved from patient charts. Findings: During the 2015/16 season, 75 influenza B cases were retrieved; 11 in 2016/17, and 274 in 2017/18. The frequency of Yamagata-lineage strains increased from 7.6% to 100%. No difference was detected in the relative frequency of co-morbidities in season 2017/18. 37.7% of the adult patients and 4.5% of pediatric patients were vaccinated against influenza. Interpretation: Phylogenetically, Yamagata strains clustered similarly in 2017/2018 when compared to the previous two influenza seasons. While the relative frequency of influenza B cases differed, the clinical symptoms remained similar. Conclusion: World Health Organization recommendations for the use of tetravalent vaccines that contain two influenza B strains (Yamagata and Victoria) in addition to the two influenza A strains (H1N1 and H3N2) should be implemented in national vaccination guidelines.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza B virus infections in Western Saxony, Germany in three consecutive seasons between 2015 and 2018: Analysis of molecular and clinical features

Hönemann

Martín

Pietsch

et al. 2019

Vaccine

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“…Currently, there are 18 HA (H1 to H18) and 11 NA (N1 to N11), but the growing IAV surveillance programs and sequencing technologies could increase the number of subtypes in the following years. IAV can infect a wide range of avian and mammalian species, although the natural reservoirs of IAV are shorebirds and wild waterfowls [34][35][36][37]. Among all the HA and NA subtypes, only H3N2 and H1N1 IAV subtypes are circulating in human beings and they are responsible for annual recurrent epidemics that affect the entire world [38,39].…”

Section: Influenza Virus Importance In Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Modulating Influenza A Virus Disease in Humans

Nogales¹,

DeDiego

2019

Pathogens

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A large number of human genes associated with viral infections contain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which represent a genetic variation caused by the change of a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence. SNPs are located in coding or non-coding genomic regions and can affect gene expression or protein function by different mechanisms. Furthermore, they have been linked to multiple human diseases, highlighting their medical relevance. Therefore, the identification and analysis of this kind of polymorphisms in the human genome has gained high importance in the research community, and an increasing number of studies have been published during the last years. As a consequence of this exhaustive exploration, an association between the presence of some specific SNPs and the susceptibility or severity of many infectious diseases in some risk population groups has been found. In this review, we discuss the relevance of SNPs that are important to understand the pathology derived from influenza A virus (IAV) infections in humans and the susceptibility of some individuals to suffer more severe symptoms. We also discuss the importance of SNPs for IAV vaccine effectiveness. multiple mechanisms, although there are some differences between strains. For that genome plasticity, IAV take advantage of multiple strategies, such as alternative splicing, frameshift mechanisms, and overlapping open reading frames (ORFs) [7][8][9]. In addition, the coding capability of the viral genome is extended by encoding multifunctional proteins that act at different steps during virus infection. of synthetized vRNP, ensuring that the vRNPs are available for packaging [24]. Moreover, NEP has also other functions during IAV infection, contributing to viral budding and to regulate viral RNA synthesis. NS1 is a multifunctional protein and a key viral factor that counteracts the host antiviral responses. NS1 has been shown to inhibit the production of interferon (IFN), the activity and expression of multiple interferon-induced genes (ISG) and the processing and nuclear transport of host mRNAs causing cellular shut-off [25,26]. Segment 3 of IAV also encodes two proteins, the polymerase component PA and PA-X. PA is translated directly from the PA mRNA, whereas PA-X is translated using a +1 frameshift mechanism from the same open reading frame (ORF) [9]. Synergistically with NS1, PA-X is also able to block the cellular antiviral responses by inhibiting host protein expression. Moreover, the PA-X protein has been shown to modulate host inflammation, immune responses, apoptosis, and virus pathogenesis [25][26][27][28][29][30].

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“…The authors also recovered porcine circovirus 2 in worker nasal specimen as well as in pig specimen, indicating zoonotic concern associated with this viral pathogen of growing concern in Asia. We would also direct readers interested in zoonotic influenza emergence to two valuable review papers published in the last year this topic, by Zhou et al and Bailey et al [52,53].…”

Section: Influenza Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Research on Occupational Animal Exposures and Health Risks: A Narrative Review

Dignard

Leibler

2019

Curr Envir Health Rpt

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The continual threat of influenza virus infections at the human–animal interface

Cited by 64 publications

References 51 publications

Influenza B virus infections in Western Saxony, Germany in three consecutive seasons between 2015 and 2018: Analysis of molecular and clinical features

Influenza B virus infections in Western Saxony, Germany in three consecutive seasons between 2015 and 2018: Analysis of molecular and clinical features

Host Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Modulating Influenza A Virus Disease in Humans

Recent Research on Occupational Animal Exposures and Health Risks: A Narrative Review

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